الفهرس 
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Abstract
Threatened miscarriage is the commonest complication of early pregnancy and is often associated with anxiety and stress regarding the pregnancy outcome. It occurs in about 20% of recognized pregnancies and about half of these will eventually suffer an actual miscarriage (Weiss JL et al., 2004).
These women usually present vaginal bleeding, with or without abdominal pain and cramps, but the cervix is closed. Bleeding during pregnancy can cause maternal anxiety and emerging evidence suggests that it may be associated with poor fetal and maternal outcomes (Sotiriadis A et al., 2004)
Nuchal translucency is a collection of fluid under the skin at the back of baby’s neck between 11 weeks and 14 weeks of pregnancy or when baby measures between 45mm and 84mm (Nicolaides 2011).
Increased nuchal translucency is thought to be related to dilated lymphatic channels and is considered a nonspecific sign of more generalised fetal abnormality (Weissleder R et al., 2007).
Thickening of the nuchal translucency can be associated with a number of anomalies, including: aneuploidy trisomies (including Down syndrome), Turner syndrome, non-aneuploidy structural defects and syndromes, congenital diaphragmatic herniation, congenital heart disease, omphalocoele skeletal dysplasias, VACTERL association (Van vugt JM et al., 1996).
Progesterone is C21H30O2 and it belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens. It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle and also produced by the placenta, and adrenal gland , It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. (Giorlandino et al., 2015).
Progesterone is an essential hormone for the continuation of pregnancy and is prescribed in 13–40% of women with threatened miscarriage, according to the literature (Sotiriadis et al., 2004).
Progesterone reduce abortion rate in women with threatened abortion by releasing certain anti-abortive cy-tokines, modulation of the maternal immune system (im-munological tolerance of the fetus), and with relaxation of uterine muscles (Halasz and Szekeres-Bartho 2013).
Giorlandino et al. speculated that the use of exogenous progesterone in the first trimester of pregnancy could lead to abnormal blood flow patterns that may affect both the expression of the growth factors required for the normal development of the fetus and the deregulation of fetal blood pressure. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to make a prospective evaluation of NT thickness between 11-14 weeks’ gestation among women receiving exogenous progesterone and to compare these findings with controls (Giorlandino et al., 2015).
This cohort study was carried out on 80 women their age ranging from 18-35 and BMI <30 kg/m2 suffering from threatened abortion, attending Ultrasound Unit in Ain Shams University Maternity hospital to undergo sonographic examination of NT at gestational age between 11- 14 weeks, with CRL from 48mm to 84 mm.
Eighty patients received 400 mg vaginal progesterone for one week period. The patients were followed up next week for another assessment of NT to identify the effect of progesterone on NT.
NT was significantly higher after 1 week of progesterone administration (2.29 ±0.18 mm) than before progesterone administration (1.66 ±0.18 mm) (p<0.001).
NT after 1 week on vaginal progesterone was significantly increase in relation to expected NT (1.91 ±0.18 mm) (p<0.001).
So our result is supported by
Mehmet Keçecioğlu et al.
Giorlandino C et al.
Müberra N et al.
And disagreed with
Serra V et al.