الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present prospective study included 94 patients who underwent PN for cT1 renal mass. According to the PN technique, patients were divided into two groups (i.e. LPN 54 patients and open PN 40 patients). All procedures were performed by experienced surgeons in two centers one in Egypt and the other in Germany. Both groups were compared regarding perioperative outcomes with a 6-month follow up period.
Baseline clinical characteristics and demographics were comparable between both groups. OPN group encompassed tumors of larger diameter and higher complexity per RENAL score.
The mean total operative time was not significantly differ in both groups. Standard clamping was the method used for hilar control in 50% and 97.5 % in both groups, respectively. Fifteen patients in LPN group had early hilar unclamping technique. Twelve tumors were resected without hilar clamping. After exclusion of those 12 patients, the mean WIT was shown to be comparable in both groups.
Mean EBL was significantly less in the laparoscopic group. Intraoperative blood transfusion was required in one patient in group A and three patients in group B.
Postoperative complications were encountered in 2(3.7%) patients and 3(7.5%) patients in both groups, respectively (p=0.08). Most of postoperative complications were of low grade. Postoperative blood transfusion was indicated in three patients in both groups.
A total of 2 patients showed a positive surgical margin in group A and ten patients in group B. No patient in the study showed signs of local or distant recurrence on evaluation at 3, 6 month follow up.
WIT and RENAL nephrometry score were the only factors who had a statistically significant impact on renal function outcomes at 3, 6 month follow up.
RENAL nephrometry score was the only factor which predicted WIT > 20 minutes, occurrence of postoperative complications and favorable outcomes in our study population.