الفهرس 
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Abstract
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are the 6th most common type of cancer. It is more common in people aged over 65 years and the increasing age of the population therefore impacts markedly on the total number of patients with NHL. NHL is more frequent in men than in women.
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway has been considered an essential and tightly regulated signaling cascade that mediates the development, activation, and survival of lymphocytes for regulated immune responses. Moreover, many of the oncogenic mediators involved in the pathology of lymphoma are regulated by NF-κB. Abnormal NF-κB activation occurs during many pathological conditions.
A20 (intracellular ubiquitin-editing protein) is a negative feedback regulator of NF-κB signaling. A20 was identified as a MALT1 (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) substrate, and MALT1 can cleave A20 to impair its NF-κB inhibitory function.
The current study was carried out at Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department and Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine departement, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.
The aim of this study was to study the expression pattern of MALT1, A20 and NF-κB genes in patients with Non Hodgkin Lymphomas. It includes 100 subjects; group I: Itincludes 80 newly diagnosed patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma which is subdivided into subgroup IA:Itincludes 35 HCV positive NHL Patients, subgroup IB: Itincludes 45 HCV negative NHL Patients and group II: Itincludes 20age and gender matched apparently healthy individuals as a control group.
Full history and clinical examination were made to every subject. Laboratory investigations were also carried out to all individuals including: CBC, ESR, Serum LDH and β2 microglobulin levels, Hepatitis C virus antibodies and detection MALT1, A20 and NF-κB genes expression in cDNA samples extracted from RNA samples by reverse transcription by using real time PCR using SYBR Green technique.
The results of the present study can be summerized as follows:
New cases of NHL had highly significant decrease in hemoglobin, platelets and white blood cells when compared with control groups.
New cases of NHL had a highly significant increase in ESR, β2 microglobulin and LDH when compared with the control group.
87.5% of NHL patients were presented with high grade NHL and 42.5% were presented with stage IV, 91.25% were in good performance status and 83.7% were DLBCL subtype.
35.82% of DLBCL were low risk NHL, 35.82% were low-intermediate risk, 19.4% were high-intermediate risk and 8.96% were high risk NHL.
48.75% of NHL cases presented by extra nodal metastasis. GIT and liver are the most common sites for metastasis
43.75% of NHL cases were HCV positive patients, while 56.25% were HCV negative patients.
Extra nodal metastasis was higher in (HCV+ve) NHL cases (62.86%) than (HCV-ve) NHL cases (37.78%).
There was significant statistical increased expression of MALT1 and NF-κB and significant statistical decreased expression of A20 in NHL cases when compared with control.
There was significant statistical decreased expression of MALT1, A20 and NF-κBin (HCV +ve) NHL cases when compared with controls.
There was significant statistical increased expression of MALT1 and NF-κBand significant statistical decreased expression of A20 in (HCV-ve) NHL cases when compared with controls.
There was a significant positive correlation between ESR and LDH in NHL cases.
There was a significant negative correlation between β2 microglobulin and HB in NHL cases.
There was a significant negative correlation between MALT1 and A20 in (HCV-ve) NHL cases, while highly significant positive correlation between MALT1 and NF-κB in NHL cases (groupI), subgroup IA (HCV+ve NHL cases) and subgroup IB (HCV-ve NHL cases).
There was a significant negative correlation between A20 and MALT1 and a significant negative correlation between A20 and NF-κB in (HCV-ve NHL cases), while, there is a significant positive correlation between A20 and NF-κB in (HCV+ve NHL cases).
There was a significant positive correlation between NF-κB andMALT1 in NHL cases, (HCV+ve) NHL cases and (HCV- ve) NHL cases, a significant negative correlation between NF-κB and A20 in NHL cases and (HCV-ve) NHL cases, significant positive correlation between NF-κB and A20 in HCV+ve NHL cases.