الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Alternative treatments such as endovenous ablation of the GSV with laser (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) have gained popularity. Performed as office-based procedures using tumescent local anaesthesia, the new minimally invasive techniques have been shown in numerous studies to eliminate the GSV from the circulation safely and effectively.
Endovenous Thermal Ablation procedures are catheter-directed, ultrasound (US)-guided thermal methods for treatment in varicose veins disease
Compared with conventional surgery, EVLA is thought to reduce postoperative discomfort and pain, with a lower complication rate after treatment for avoidance of a groin incision and dissection at the saphenofemoral confluence. Cosmetic demands are also better satisfied. Non-controlled clinical trials have shown that the ablation rate of GSV after EVLA is over 90%. However, risks of EVLA remain in terms of recanalization and neoreflux via junctional tributaries.