الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are chronic degenerative diseases causing worldwide concern due to their high incidence in several age groups. Presently, heart catheterization is the most used hemodynamic interventional and diagnostic technique worldwide. The complication and restenosis rates are low. The procedure can be a major source of stress and anxiety. These feelings are directly related to the invasive nature of the procedure and to uncertainties related to diagnosis.
Aim of the Study
This study was aimed to assess psychosocial problems among patients undergoing coronary catheterization.
Research question
What are psychosocial problems among patients undergoing coronary catheterization?
Methodology:
Research design:
A descriptive design was used in this study.
Setting
The study was conducted in the cardiac department and cardiac care unit at Ain Shams University specialized hospital.
Subjects
The subjects of this study were a purposive sample composed of 100 patients undergoing coronary catheterization attending the previous mentioned setting over a period 6 months during the winter season.
Inclusion Criteria:
• Adult patients with coronary heart disease diagnosis.
• Different educational levels.
• Age more than 40 years old.
• Both sexes (males and females).
• Willing to participate in the study.
Tools of data collection
Data collected through used the following tools:
IV. Socio demographic interviewing sheet;
It included data related to socio-demographic characteristics such as; age, gender, marital status, etc.
V. Disease history questionnaire;
It was developed by the researcher. It was used to determine severity of patient illness.
VI. Patients’ psychological and social problems questionnaire;
It was developed by the researcher, it was used to measure:-
1) Psychological dimension as anxiety and depression…...etc.
2) Social dimension as social activities, family occasions, social isolation, acute and chronic stressors.
Scoring system: The questionnaire items were scored 3, 2, 1, and 0 for the responses always, sometimes, rarely and never. The scores of the items of each part were summed-up and the total divided by the number of the items, giving a mean score for the part. These scores were converted into a percent score, and means and standard deviations were computed.
• Score (1 – 50):no stress.
• Score (51 – 100)mild stress.
• Score (101 – 150)sever stress.
Results
The main study findings can be summarized as follows:
There is a highly statistical significant relation between age, gender and marital status of the studied patients and their severity of psychosocial problems.
There is statistical insignificant relation between educational level, of the studied patients and their severity of psychosocial problems, while there is a highly statistical significant relation between occupation and monthly income of the studied patients and their severity of psychosocial problems.
There is statistical significant relation between type of house, present of elevator and proper ventilation of the studied patients and their severity of psychosocial problems, while there is statistical insignificant relation between number of rooms of the studied patients and their severity of psychosocial problems.
There is statistical significant relation between medical insurance and care of the studied patients and their severity of psychosocial problems.
There is statistical significant relation between medical history of the studied patients and their severity of psychosocial problems.
Conclusion
On light of the current study results, it can be concluded that:
About half of the studied patients were always fear from death, anxious due to unknown procedure about catheterization & fear from hearing that someone death due to catheterization.
More than one third of the studied patients were always had family support by frequent visits, need others help before and after procedure, fear from affecting sexual desire & feel fatigue when doing any activities.
More than one third of the studied patients were always change work style after catheterization procedure, decrease ability to prognosis & decrease working hours.
One third of the studied patients were sometimes had medical insurance & treatment at the expense of the state, while one third of them was rarely not had enough monthly income.
More than one third of the studied patients were always had psychological, social & work respectively.
Recommendations
The main recommendations can be summarized as follows:
Establishing a special rehabilitation program to provide patients with adequate support to overcome patients’ psychosocial problems.
Further research studies are needed for ongoing assessment of patients including large sample for generalization of results.