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Abstract Resection anastomosis of diseased small bowel segment is a common surgical procedure in surgical units. This operation has a wide range of indications such as inflammation, ischemia, traumatic injury, obstruction, or malignancy. AL is a frequent complication of intestinal surgery and has been associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. In our study Our present effort was prospectively conducted to clarify issues relating to factors causing leakage with specific reference to emergency surgeries related only to small intestinal surgeries, as all cases we encountered requiring such an intervention are emergencies. A total of 51 emergency patients meeting the inclusion criteria underwent resection with anastomosis on emergency bases during the study period. A total of fifty one emergency entero-enteric anastomoses meeting the inclusion criteria were performed in the study period. Complete history including age, sex and individual risk factors were obtained from the accompanying clinical sheets. General, local examinations and investigations were also recorded. Patient were categorized; thirty three males (64.7%) and eighteen females (35.2%). Patients with traumatic injury represented 35.3% of the total; studied sample, whereas those with diseased bowel represented 64.7% of the total. A total of 30 ileo-ileal (58.824%), 14 (27.451%) jejuno-jejunal and 7 (13.725%) jejuno-ileal end to end anastomoses were constructed in the study. Our results suggest that irrespective of the primary pathological process in the bowel, it is probably the associated secondary systemic disturbances that occur in the emergent setting which lead to a state conducive to anastomotic leakage. Hypoalbuminemia, preoperative hemoglobin <10 gm/dl and intraoperative hypotension could well be a few of these factors. Intraoperative hypotension (systolic blood pressure below 80 mm Hg) 8/13 (61.5%) was found to be an independent risk factor for anastomotic dehiscence by multivariate analysis in our study also post operative ICU admission. Hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin <3g/dl) was noted to be associated with anastomotic disruption 12/13 (92.3%) in our series.. In our study, diffuse peritonitis was associated with AL in 10 (76.9%) of the total patients included in the study. Low hemoglobin concentration (less than 9g/dl %) was noted in 8 (61.5%) of the patients with anastomotic dehiscence. In our study, the effect of age or gender as a risk for AL, was not significant. In bivariate analysis, factors that were associated with AL were hypoalbuminemia 12/13 (92.3%), intraoperative hypovolemia 8/13 (61.5%), intraoperative hypotension, diffuse peritonitis, and low hemoglobin concentration. There were13/51 (25.4%) patients with leaks ,four of them died. Mortality was significantly increased in patients with AL as four (4/51, 7.8%) cases died; three (3/13, 23%) of them had AL. |