الفهرس 
Drug AddictionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Mindfulness training has been recently integrated into several therapeutic programs and proved effective in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. Mindfulness basted treatments (MBT) has also proven effective in the treatment of addiction.
Drug dependence is accompanied with craving. Drug craving is considered as a key concept in relapse, drug abuse, and recurrence. Craving is regarded synonymous with ask for, impulses, desires, need or compulsion to drug abuse. Craving is a self-conscious experience of desire to use drugs (Franken et al., 2000).
Considering the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies in decreasing physical and psychological disorders, it seems that this therapy is effective in alleviating some symptoms of the relapse of opioid abuse. Examples of these new approaches are Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) (Bowen et al., 2010) and Mindfulness- Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) to prevent recurrence of depression and drug abuse (Witkiewitz, K et al., 2005).
Aim of the work:
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of practicing mindfulness meditation among drug addicts.
Subjects and methods:
Research design:
Quasi experimental study was followed in carrying out this study.
Setting:
The current study was carried out inpatient addiction treatment unit at El-Abbassia Mental Health Hospital.
Size:
The study sample was composed of 60 of male addict patients. The actual field work took two months, firs month for experimental group (MM) started from 14-9-2015 until 22-10-2015and the second month for control group (TAU) started from 23-1-2016 until 23-2-2016.
Data were collected through three assessment tools to collect the required data for the current study as following:
Data collection tools:
Tool (1): A socio-demographic and clinical data-structured interview for addict patients:
This tool was developed by researcher, that include (11 items) to collect patient’s socio-demographic data such as name, age, occupation, education level…etc. And collect clinical data n( used substances, number of previous hospitalization).
Tool (2): Self-report questionnaire. Minnesota Drug Craving Scale (MDCS): (adopted tool)
This tool developed by Halikas, Kuhn, Crosby, Carlson, and Crea (1991). This tool assessed the craving for drugs through that last week. The MDCS is composed of five items that correspond to the intensity, frequency, duration of craving, changes in relation to previous weeks, and the craving response to medication. For this study, the evaluation of intensity, frequency, and duration, after weeks 4.
Tool (3): Evaluation of MM:-
This tool was developed by researcher to assess and evaluate the benefits of practicing Mindfulness Meditation in a general way. It includes 9 items such as the name (optional) was it beneficial to me? , Why? , opinions for improve it.
The findings of the present study summarized as follows:
1- As a comparison between pre and post (MM) group:
• The Mean ±SD for intensity of craving pre intervention of (MM) were 3.28±2.74, while post intervention were 1.44 ±2.10 with statistical significant difference between pre and post intervention at P= 0.008.
• The frequency distribution of craving improved significantly post intervention of MM at P= 0.049.
• More than one third of patients (37.8 %) experienced duration of craving (0-5 minutes) pre intervention, while post intervention the majority of patients (84.o %) experienced the same duration of craving with a clear statistical significantly difference at p= 0.005.
2- As a comparison between pre and post (TAU) group:-
• The Mean ±SD for intensity of craving pre intervention were 2.73±2.16, while post intervention were 2.08±2.57 with NO statistical significant difference between pre and post intervention at P= 0.257.
• Regarding frequency of craving scales results for this group, Wilcoxon signed rank test showed No statistical significant difference between pre and post intervention at p=0.179.
• Regarding duration of craving scales results for this group, Wilcoxon signed rank test showed No statistical significant difference between pre and post intervention at p=0.38.
Based on the present study, the following recommendations were suggested:
Clinical:
• We recommend augmenting therapies provided in therapeutic facilities during the first 8 weeks of drug abstinence with mindfulness meditation techniques.
Research:
• Further studies are required using lager samples to clarify the effects of mindfulness therapy at various stages of practice in the dependence population.
Service:
• We recommend that specialized mindfulness institutions be founded in Egypt to establish a crew of mindfulness therapist and practitioners and increase awareness about its benefits among health practitioners.
In nursing practice:
• All the staff nurses, especially psychiatric and addiction nurses should have the knowledge about mindfulness meditation technique and how to practice it.