الفهرس 
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Abstract
Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract can be caused by protozoa & helminths. Between these parasites Blastocystis spp. and D. fragilis are of growing interest.(1) Direct microscopy is known to be widely used in developing countries for routine diagnosis of parasites. The laboratories in developing countries are still dependent on the presence of eggs or parasites at the examination and consider it a golden reference for the detection of intestinal parasites because of the low cost and fit with the weakness of resources in those countries.
The accuracy and sensitivity of detection of protozoa and eggs are different from one laboratory to another, where the accurate diagnosis of intestinal parasites is often based on the level of experience of the examiner and the level of preparation of the sample and its conformity to quality standards. Two of these parasites are closely related in shape and are difficult to distinguish between them are Blastocystis spp.and D.fragilis.
In order to help researchers make a quick decision to choose the best stain when needed, and also helps the examiner to differentiate between the two parasites.
The aim of the study is to compare haematoxylin-eosin stain (H&E), Giemsa Stain and Trichrome stain for microscopic diagnosis and differentiation of the intestinal parasites Blastocystis spp.and D. fragilis in stool samples.
Stool samples were collected from 100 participants attending the Parasitology Department laboratory in the Medical Research Institute and different private laboratories in Alexandria.
Stool samples were homogenized by mixing within one hour of delivery to the laboratory. A portion of each sample was kept in a labeled clean test tube without preservative for direct Iodine stain examination. Another portion was preserved in 10 % formalin for concentration and permanent staining then stained with the specified permanent stain according to the steps specified for each one to obtain the smears carefully examined by the microscope to try to reach the point of our research.
All the data were subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the microscopic examination of these three stains were compared.
Blastocystis spp.showed the highest percentage of infection in 59 cases ( 59 %) by Iodine stain, in 56 cases (56%) were detected by Giemsa stain, while Trichrome 50 cases (50%) and H&E 49 cases ( 49%). D. fragilis which was detected in 20 cases ( 20%) by Giemsa Stain and 18 cases (18%) by H&E, then in 15 cases (15%) by Iodine stain and was least detected in 13 cases ( 13%) by Trichorome stain.
G.lamblia which was detected in 13 cases (13%) by Iodine stain, 12 cases (12%) by Giemsa stain, and 10 cases (10%) by Trichorome and H&E stains each. E.coli which was detected in 4 cases ( 4%) by iodine and one case ( 1%) by Trichorome. E.histolytic / dispar was detected only by Giemsa Stain in 1 case.
Helmithes were detected in Iodine stain, A.lumbricoides was detected in 5 cases (5%), A.duedenale was detected in 2 cases (2%) and H.nana was detected in one case (1%).
Summary
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The highest rate of infection among individuals with less than 6 years, which amounted to 34% of individuals, which was no statistically significant that the rate of infection in children less than six years of exposure to a higher rate of infection. Since due to it decreases with learning and away from pollution.Infection rates in males were higher than in females.
At the end of the study, we emphasize that the Iodine stain proved its efficiency as a guideline for the appearance of the protozoa or eggs and there is no statistically significance between the three stains in the detection of the parasites in stool samples. However, the Giemsa stain showed its progress in clarity and preference.