الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Increasing land reclamation in El-Fayoum governorate has led to increase the amount of drainage water which goes to El-Wadi and El-Bats drainages loaded by salts and heavy metals. So, the present investigation aims to determine the effect of water quality including heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead and cadmium) on some physiological, biochemical and histological aspects of the Nile catfish ; Clarias gariepinus collected from a branch of the river Nile (El-Lahon canal) and two main drains (El-Bats and El-Wadi) at Fayoum governorate where effluents of the agricultural drainage water and waste municipal water discharged.
Results revealed highly significant differences among the studied parameters in water and Clarias gariepinus fish collected from the studied sites of collection with an increase in values of ammonia, nitrite, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) and a decrease in dissolved oxygen content in water samples collected from the main drains (El-Bats and El-Wadi) in comparision with that of samples collected from the branch of the river Nile.
Higher bioaccumulation of the studied heavy metals in gills , liver , kidney and muscles of the Nile catfish ; Clarias gariepinus collected from the main drains at El-Fayoum governorate is accompanied by a significant decrease in RBCs , Hb content and PCV values and significant increase in MCV , MCH and MCHC WBCs , serum glucose, AST, ALT and ALP activities, creatinine and uric acid levels, total protein, albumin and globulin of fish collected from El-Fayoum drainage canals (El-Bats and El-Wadi) than that of fish collected from the river Nile branch , El-Lahon that showed more or less normal values. Moreover, histopathological alterations and clear damage of gills, liver, kidneys and DNA strand breaks in fish liver cells increased statistically in Clarias gariepinus collected from El-Fayoum drainage canals (El-Bats and El-Wadi drains).
Generally, the results highlights on the importance of taking action through the political authorities towards quality of natural water resources, the drainage water that fed fish farms by law and its fauna that could play a role as a main source of protein for human beings.