الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cucumber is one of the most important vegetable crops all over the world, its native cultivate belongs to the Indian subcontinent. Cucumber belongs to Cucurbitaceae family, and grown in many countries such as Iraq, Egypt and other countries. It is planted in Iraq in area reached 12873 hectare, with a total production of 91478 ton. In Egypt, it is planted in area of 23046 hectare that produce 519858 ton. Cucumber has been attacked by many pathogens including soil-borne pathogens that cause a significant reduction in yield and quality of crops and they are difficult to manage. In forefront of them is Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz. P. aphanidermatum is the most common soil-borne pathogens causing damping off disease, which cause a significant reduction in yield and quality of crops and they are difficult to manage. Control of soil-borne pathogens that cause damping off disease on cucumber still depends on the use of synthetic fungicides. However, the using of chemical fungicides to control of several pathogenic fungi has achieved great success but their future use is questionable due to increasing regulatory constraints. Therefore, the modern approach in controlling of plant diseases is to resort towards reducing the use of chemical pesticides to reduce of environmental pollution and to find alternative of chemical pesticide. Therefore using of more effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents are needed to achieve the perfect biological control of soil-borne pathogens. The main goal of this study is to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides entirely or partially by using natural methods and dispensing or reducing the use of pesticides because of their hazards on public health and the environment in addition to the economic damages. So using of biological agents and aqueous plant extracts are the best alternatives than use the pesticides.