الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work deals with synthesis of carbamated corncobs having amino groups via the reactions of both urea and ammonia with corncobs powder. The factors affecting the nitrogen content of the produced carbamated corncobs such as urea concentration, the liquor/corncobs ratio, were studied at constant reaction time and temperature. The nitrogen content of the produced carbamated corncobs was increased by increasing urea concentrations and decreasing liquor/corncob ratio at the same reaction temperature and time. The obtained products were characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis (C, H, N, and S). The clarification efficiency of corncobs derivatives for metal ions in raw water such as Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was determined. Also the total organic matter (TOC) and dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity and conductivity were measured. It was concluded that using a mixture of carbamated corncobs and FeCl3 enhanced the water clarity and decrease the required dose of FeCl3 to its half value in the same time enhancing the clarification efficiency of the water.
In addition, the work was extended to evaluate a new product of aminated corncobs by using ammonia solution, which enhanced the water clarity and clarification efficiency when applied with FeCl3 in mixture in the water treatment.