الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the phenotypic and genotypic
characterization of Escherichia coli, isolated from poultry meat samples obtained
from a poultry slaughterhouse in Ismailia Governorate; whereas a total of 230 poultry
meat specimens were collected.
The samples were identified as:
1) Before handling by workers: with a total of 80 poultry meat samples.
2) After handling by workers: with a total of 150 poultry meat samples.
The results are summarized as the following:
- The bacteriological examination revealed that; out of 230 examined poultry
meat samples Escherichia coli were isolated from 160, with a percentage of
69.5%; as Escherichia coli was isolated from before handling by workers 40
(50%) and after handling by workers 120 (80%).
- All the isolates were morphologically and biochemically identified.
- The serological identification of twenty five Escherichia coli isolates taken
randomly from the samples revealed, the detection of 9 serogroups as; O1 (five
strains), O18 and O146 (four strains for each), O27, O78, O86A, O125, O151
and O159 (two for each).
- The pathogenicity test was performed on 10 mice, 3 mice injected by strains
(O78, O146 and O151) suffered from watery diarrhea, anorexia and died
within 48hrs. while other mice were alive.
- Concerning E.coli virulence factors testing: Congo red binding activity all of
isolates were positive and detection of -hemolysis 3 serogroups (O78, O146
and O151) were positive (pathogenic) and the other serogroups gave α
hemolysis.
- The antibacterial susceptibility test for Escherichia coli strains was performed
using disc diffusion technique, where the results showed that most of the-
Escherichia coli strains recorded multidrug resistance, as there was resistance
towards more than six antibacterial agents.
- All of the Escherichia coli strains had 100% resistance against Erythromycin,
Penicillin and Tetracycline, 92% of Escherichia coli strains had resistance
against Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole, 84% resistance against
Streptomycin, 80% resistance against Amoxicillin/ Clavulnic acid, 72% against
Enrofloxacin and no resistance for Gentamycin at all.
- The genetic characterization of Escherichia coli strains was performed using
polymerase chain reaction assays, (n=9). Alkaline phosphatase gene (phoA)
presence was screened in the Escherichia coli strains, as a molecular tool for
Escherichia coli identification. The results showed that all Escherichia coli
strains carried the sequence of phoA gene, with a percentage of 100%.
- Because of the high antibacterial agents resistance determined in this study;
three of the antibiotic resistance genes specified for streptomycin, tetracycline
and quinolones (aada1, tetA and qnrS gene) were screened. The results
revealed that 100% of Escherichia coli strains harbor aada1, tetA and qnrS
gene except for one isolate negative for qnrS.