الفهرس 
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from the interplay of both genetic and environmental factors like lifestyle and food habits. Inflammation is a key event closely associated with the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
IL-1β is a most powerful cytokine, able to induce inflammatory responses in virtually all tissues of the body. IL-1β turned out to possess multiple and diverse properties in the response to infection, injury and immune challenge and thus has been recognized in immune mediated diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its broad role in health and disease was confirmed when the recombinant form of the cytokine became available. Indeed, IL-1β is essential for acute inflammatory responses and therefore to ensure recovery from infection or trauma.
We aimed to investigate expressed level of IL-1β and its relation with IL-1β −511T>C polymorphism in T2DM patients. This study enrolled 80 subjects (50 patients with T2DM and 30 healthy control subjects). Laboratory investigations included fasting (FBG) and 2 h postprandial blood sugar (2 h PBG), HBA1c, lipid profile, and renal function tests. Genotyping of IL-1β−511 T>C (rs16944) SNP assay by real time PCR and relative quantitation of IL-1β gene expression transcript by real-time PCR.
Patients had significantly higher fasting and 2 h postprandial blood sugar (P < 0.001), HBA1c (P<0.001), LDLc (P < 0.001), TC(P < 0.001), TG (P < 0.001), systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic BP (P = 0.049) while lower HDLc (P < 0.001) compared with control group while renal function tests (urea and creatinine) were not significant (P > 0.05).
IL1-β−511 T>C, CC genotype and C allele were significantly associated with risk of T2DM with odds ratio (OR) 4.73, 95%CI (1.21-18.39) and OR 2.27, 95%CI (1.72-4.40), respectively. Moreover, diabetic patients had significantly higher IL 1-β gene transcript compared with control group (P < 0.001). CC genotype of IL 1- β−511T > C had the highest significant level of IL 1-β gene transcript demonstrated compared with C/T and T/T genotypes (P < 0.001) in patients.
Results also detected a positive correlation between IL 1- β gene expression and higher urea level and systolic BP while no significant correlation with FBG, PPG, HBA1c, lipid profile, and duration of T2DM (P > 0.05). Furthermore, genetic variants of IL 1- β −511 T>C showed association with higher urea level (P = 0.008) while did not show significant association with lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL, LDL) or with FBG, PPG, HBA1c, hypertension, and duration of T2DM (P > 0.05).
C allele of IL-1 β−511 T >C could be considered risk factor contributor to T2DM and excess level of IL-1β transcript may disclose to some degree the inflammatory role of cytokines in T2DM.