الفهرس 
Acknowledgement
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Abstract
This study was carried out on 25 of weaned buffalo calves in the transitional phase. This animals were collected from different location of Sohag governorate from butcher market outside the slaughter houses.All this calves were earlier weaned at age of 40 day and suffer from signs of ill-thrift which appear in form of emaciation, weakness, rough hair coat, alopecia and stunting in growth. This animals are divided into three group: group (A): included 10 buffalo calves at 2 month age. group (B): included 10 buffalo calves at 2.5 month age group (C): included 5 buffalo calves at 3 month age. All these calves have been examined clinically before slaughter and blood samples were taken.Blood samples taken from the different calves groups were analyzed in order to make blood picture, especially Red blood cells, white blood cells count platelets, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and lymphocyte. Blood serum were obtained for biochemical analysis of total proteins, albumin, globulins, and albumin globulin ratio and blood glucose by using spectrophotometer and chemicals kits .Ruminal juice were taken for physical properties include: odor, color and consistency, chemical properties include: PH and methylene blue reductase test and microscopically examination of the ruminal protozoa motility.Ruminal tissue sample were taken from cranial part of ventral ruminal sac for histopathological examination and ruminal papillae measurement including: length, width and epithelium thickening of ruminal papillae.The obtained result showed that:Blood glucose level was decreased with advancing age, and lowest was noticed at 3 months compared with level at 2 month. There was significant difference in total proteins, albumin and globulins: A gradual increase in total serum proteins value, serum albumin and serum globulins were observed with an increase of age .while no significant difference in A/G ratio was noticed. Also there were significant increase in RBCs count in calves at 3 months than calves at 2 month. While no significant difference in RBCs in calves at 3 months and 2.5 month.<Total leucocytic count value showed significant increase in calves at 2 month when compared its value at the calves at 3 months. While no significant difference in WBCs count value between calves at 2 month and 2.5 months. Also there were no significant difference in platelets, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte and mean corpuscular volume. There were significant increase in hematocrit value between calves at 2 month and 2.5 month, and between calves at 2 month and 3 months.The obtained result about ruminal papillae measurement showed that, there are significant increase in ruminal papillae length with increased in age and with concentrated and dry ration.There were significant increase in ruminal papillae width in calves at 2 month than 3 months ( ruminal papillae width are wider in calves at 2 month than calves at 3 months) .width decreased with age increased.Ruminal epithelium thickening in calves at 2 month are thicker than it in calve at 3 moths.
The physical and chemical analysis of ruminal juice reveled that: The physical properties: color of ruminal juice varied from yellowish brown to greenish brown with aromatic odor and viscous in consistency.The chemical properties of ruminal juice: pH from 5.5 to 5.7 and methylene blue reduction test within 3 min in almost of examined cases.Microscopic examination indicate that small and large protozoa varied from motile and crowded to sluggish and non-crowded.