الفهرس 
Anatomy of Pelvic FloorOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ODS is an emerging clinical problem, especially for adult female patients (80%–90%). The pathophysiology of ODS remains to be clearly defined. This is because anatomic defects, such as internal rectal prolapse and rectocele, may be associated with functional alterations, such as paradoxical puborectalis contraction and spastic external sphincter contraction.
Similarly, stated that for the anatomical defects, MRI has several advantages despite not being indicated for the routine assessment of all patients with mild symptoms of pelvic floor dysanergia and rectocele. Allowing concomitant visualization of all three compartments of the pelvic floor can help identify specific muscle defects, rectocele, mucosal intossusception and anorectal angle. It is certainly a valuable tool in preoperative planning and may alter the management of patients.
Various modalities have been used for the evaluation of defecation dynamics. These include fluoroscopic defecography and MRD. MRI has the advantages of much better delineation of all the pelvic soft tissue structures and absence of ionizing radiation.