الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cryptosporidium parasite is recognized worldwide as an important cause of protozoal diarrhea leading to significant morbidity and mortality in industrialized and developing countries. Although person to person transmission has been considered the major route of transmission, zoonotic transmission of this protozoan may also occur. The majority of human cases of cryptosporidiosis are caused by two species: C. hominis and C. parvum. However, other species including C. felis, C. meleagridis, C. canis, C. suis and C. muris can also infect humans.
The exposition of Cryptosporidium genotypes by molecular assays is required to recognize sources of infections and routes of transmission, facilitating the improvement of risk assessment and measures for prevention and control.
Hence, the present study aimed to determine Cryptosporidium genotypes in human stool samples with correlation with their respective demographic, environmental and clinical data among Egyptians from Minia city, Egypt.
A cross sectional study was carried out during the period from June 2016 to May 2017. A total of 300 human cases with variable demographic, environmental and clinical presentations were subjected to wet mount technique and modified Zeil-Neelsen stain. All samples singly infected with Cryptosporidium were processed to DNA extraction. The extracted DNA samples were genotyped using nPCR- RFLP targeting 18 sRNA gene.
The results of examination of stool samples by wet mount smear and modified Zeil-Neelsen showed that out of 300 cases, 134 cases (44.7%) had Cryptosporidium species, 60 (20%) had Blastocystis hominis 44 (14.7%) had Entamoeba histolytica, 20 (6.7%) had Giardia lamblia, 16 (5.3%) had Entamoeba coli, 12 (4%) had Hymenolepis nana, 12 (4%) had Cyclospora cayetanensis and 4 (1.3%) had Isospora belli.
The examination of stool samples using modified Zeil-Neelsen also showed that out of 300 cases, 112 cases (37.3%) infected with Cryptosporidium species only, 22 cases (7.3%) were infected with Cryptosporidium species with other parasites, 106 cases (35.3%) were infected with parasites other than Cryptosporidium and 60 cases (20%) were not infected by any parasite.
112 cases (37.3%) infected with Cryptosporidium species only processed for DNA extraction and nPCR. Amplified products were digested with Taq I in combination with AseI to identify C. parvum and C. hominis. The restriction enzymes Mse I, Bst UI, and Ssp I were used to identify other species.
The RFLP analysis yielded typical restriction patterns for C. hominis in 73 (65.2%) cases, C. parvum in 25 (22.3%) cases, and C. meleagridis in 14 (12.5) cases. No other species were detected in this study.