الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. In 2013, BC represented the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females and the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in human.
Several risk factors for breast cancer have been well documented. gender, age, high levels of endogenous hormones (estrogen, prolactin), previous proliferative breast disease, intake of exogenous hormones (oral contraceptive pills and hormonal replacement therapy), presence of family history of BC especially in the first degree relatives.
Vascular endothelial growth factor represents the major inducer of angiogenesis. It has a fundamental role in regulation of physiological and also pathological angiogenesis, which is done through different actions on vascular endothelial cells, microvascular permeability, mobilization of endothelial cell precursors from the bone marrow.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is the most important angiogenic factor involved in tumour growth and metastasis. VEGF mRNA is upregulated in many malignant tumours. VEGF expression is enhanced in many types of cancer by hypoxia, genetic stimulation and different cytokines.
In the present study we have studied the association between VEGF gene polymorphisms (-634G/C) and (+1612 G/A) and BC risk in Egypt.
The detection of the SNPs was done using PCR-RFLP method. A total of eighty subjects were recruited in this study. Forty female patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer and forty healthy females with matched age as a control group.
All cases were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical examination, mammography and FNAC or CNB for pathological examination, metastatic work up, followed by pathological examination after mastectomy if done. Detection of ER, PR, HER2 also was performed on tumour biopsies.
Statistical analysis of our results revealed that, SNP +1612 G/A (GG genotype and G allele) has a significant association with BC risk in Egyptian population with p = 0.003* and 0.005* respectively. While SNP - 634G/C has no significant association with BC. It was found that, GG genotype of SNP +1612G/A may has a significant association with LN involvement. In addition to that, GG genotype of SNP +1612G/A may be associated with negative ER in BC tissue. Also GG genotype of SNP +1612G/A may has a significant association with positive HER2.
In contrast of our result about SNP +1612 G/A, one study in China, had suggested that; the +1612G/A polymorphism was unlikely to be associated with BC risk in Chinese population.
While as regards SNP-634G/C, The results of the present study were consistent with the results of many studies conducted on different populations worldwide. However, only one study in Brazil contradicted the results of the present study.