الفهرس 
Etiology and PathophysiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hypospadias is an abnormality of anterior urethral and penile development in which the urethral opening is ectopically located on the ventral aspect of the penis proximal to the tip of the glans penis, which, in this condition, is splayed open.
During the first millennium, the primary treatment for hypospadias was amputation of the penis distal to the meatus. Since that time, many have contributed to development of modern hypospadias repair. More than 300 different types of repairs have been described in the medical literature. .
Although most reports have been in the past 60 years, most basic techniques were described more than a century ago. Modern anesthetic techniques, fine instrumentation, sutures, dressing materials, and antibiotics have improved clinical outcomes and have, in most cases, allowed surgical treatment with a single-stage repair within the first year of life on an outpatient basis
The operative steps of hypospadias surgery involve penile degloving, correction of VC (orthoplasty), reconstruction of the urethra (urethroplasty), providing a vascularized coverage for the urethroplasty, reconstruction of the glans (glanuloplasty), and finally a cosmetic skin coverage to create a circumcised penile appearance. Most surgeons perform stented repairs, although distal hypospadias repairs can be done without the use of stents.
In the present study we aimed to determine the optimum time for removal of the urinary catheter after hypospadias repair surgery by including 120 patients undergoing hypospadias repair divided into three different groups each group will be 40 patients, the first group catheter will be removed within 24hrs, the second group within 7-10 days and the third group within three weeks.
There was insignificant differences between two groups as regard age with p-value 0.912, there was insignificant differences between three groups as regard type of hypospidias p-value 0.325
There was insignificant differences between three groups as regard associated anomalies UDT,CHD p-value 0.527, 0.872 respectively , there was insignificant differences between three groups as regard operative time ,hospital stay p-value 0.987,0.761 respectively.
Success rate was higher in group B 52.5% of patients with significant differences between three groups p-value 0.040.Complication higher in group C 75% of patients with significant differences between three groups p-value 0.040
Complication in form of fistula which was higher in group A 52.5% with significant differences between three groups p-value <0.001,stenosis higher in group A with significant differences p-value <0.001 ,infection higher in group C 32.5% with insignificant differences between three groups with p-value 0.263,,bleeding was higher in group A with significant differences between three groups 0.768,bladder spasm and catheter blockage occurred higher in group C 25% and 37.5% of patients respectively with significant differences between three groups p-value 0.001,<0.001 respectively