الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 73 |  |  |
| | | from | 73 | | |
Abstract
Transplantation is the treatment of choice for many patients suffering from ESRD. Successful renal transplantation offers patients the best quality of life. They are liberated from potassium and fluid restrictions, are free to travel and work, and achieve correction of metabolic abnormalities and anemia with restoration of normal renal function. Moreover, unlike hemodialysis, renal transplantation provides a long-term survival.
DGF is a form of AKI resulting in post-transplantation oliguria, increased allograft immunogenicity, risk of acute rejection episodes and decreased long-term survival. It can be defined as the need for dialysis in the first week after transplantation or serum creatinine levels at postoperative day 7 > 2.5 mg/dL, as a result it is a major clinical problem that can complicate kidney transplantation.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) previously referred to as (ARF) is an increasingly common and potentially catastrophic complication in hospitalized patients, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and defined by an abrupt (within < 48 h) increase in serum creatinine resulting from an injury or insult that causes functional or structural changes in the kidney. Wide variations in the etiologies and risk factors associated with AKI have been demonstrated.
There are many definitions of acute renal failure in the literature, but no universally accepted definition for AKI. These definitions varied widely and were predominately based on large rise of serum creatinine, thus ignoring milder stages of AKI.
In AKI, serum creatinine was proved to be a poor reflection of kidney function for many reasons; for example, a large amount of renal mass can be lost without appreciable changes in serum creatinine. AKI is a highly prevalent and prognostically important complication after renal transplantation.
Overall, the therapeutic approaches for the management of DGF thus AKI in humans have been greatly disappointing; primarily because the treatments were initiated on the basis of elevation of serum creatinine; a late and unreliable measure of kidney function in AKI.