الفهرس 
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Abstract
Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a check-up that a woman does by herself at home to look for changes or problems affecting the breast tissue. BSE is still recommended as a general approach to increasing breast health awareness and thus potentially allow for early detection of any anomalies because it is free, painless and easy to practice (Pilevarzadeh, 2016).
There is evidence that woman who correctly practice BSE monthly are more likely to detect a lump in the early stage, with early diagnosis and treatment yielding better survival (Verma, 2013). However, despite these benefits, few women regularly perform BSE and many do not even know how to perform it. Meanwhile, there is evidence that women are more likely to perform BSE effectively when taught by physicians or a nurse (Sulik, 2014).
Aim of the study:
The present study aimed to assess barriers affecting practice of Breast Self-Examination among university students.
Research questions:
1- Is the university students’ knowledge regarding BSE sufficient?
2- Is the university students’ attitude regarding BSE positive?
3- What are the university students’ barriers regarding practicing of BSE?
Subjects and methods:
Research design and setting:
A descriptive study design was conducted in four faculties at El-Minia University. The selected faculties were; Nursing, Pharmacy, Tourism and Hotels, and AL sun.
Sample type and size:
A simple random sample with multi stage selection of 160 female university students at the 4th academic year was included in the study. The sample size represents 25% of the total population in the previously mentioned settings (640 female students in the four faculties. 2016).
Tools of data collection:
There were three types of tools for data collection used for achieving the aim of this study: A Self -Structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, students’ attitude regarding BSE, and modified version of the Champion Health Beliefs Model (HBM) scale to identify barriers affecting BSE practice.
Pilot study:
A pilot study was implemented on 10% of the students (16 students) to test the reliability and applicability of conducted tools. Necessary modifications were done based on the pilot study findings such as omission of some questions from tools in order to strength their contents or for more simplicity and clarity. The pilot sample was excluded from the main study sample.
Results of the study:
The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
• As regard to the personal characteristics of the students, the mean age was (22.7 Yrs) with SD (.75 Yrs) and ranged between 21 and 24 years old. (50.0%) of them were from urban and (88.1%) were single.
• The study revealed that one student had a breast problem which was fibroadenoma and discovered by BSE.
• The study revealed that family history of breast cancer was reported by (12.5%) of the students while, (50.0%) from affected women died with breast cancer.
• The study revealed that (67.5%) of the students had a previous information about BSE.
• The study revealed that no one of the students regularly perform BSE.
• The study revealed that the main source of the students’ information about BSE was from magazines and books (72.20%) followed by family members (44.40%).
• There was satisfied knowledge regarding BSE among only (19.4%) of the students.
• The study revealed that the majority of the students (97.5%) had positive attitude regarding BSE.
• Barriers affecting practice of BSE among the students were classified as personal, psychological, and motivational barriers.
• The main barriers of BSE practice were; not having any breast problem, forget to perform BSE, and lack of knowledge regarding the correct method to perform the exam.
• There was statistically significant relationship between the students’ total level of knowledge regarding BSE and their age (P=.004), that the majority of the students (80.6%) who had satisfied knowledge have age ranged from 23-24 years.
• There was highly statistically significant relationship between the students’ total knowledge level about BSE and their faculties (p=.000) where, (64.5%) of the students who had satisfied knowledge were of nursing, (22.6%) of pharmacy, (9.7%) of tourism and hotels, and (3.2%) of Alsun.
• There was no statistically significant relationship between the students’ total attitude regarding BSE and their personal characteristics.
• The current study showed a significant difference between the personal barriers mentioned by the students and their different faculties.
• More than three quarters of Alsun students (76.0%) don’t perform BSE because they don’t have any breast problem, (73.3%) and (59.6%) of nursing and pharmacy students respectively forget to perform BSE, and (67.4%) of tourism students don’t know the correct method to perform BSE.
• There was statistically significant positive correlation between total knowledge and total attitude of the students regarding BSE (r=.274 & p=.000).