الفهرس 
Ecological studies on some land snails
Food consumption studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 183 |  |  |
| | | from | 183 | | |
Abstract
The detained results in this respect can be summarized as follow:
1- Ecological land snails.
1.1 . Survey study on land snails in Sharquia Governorate.
This study was carried on different field crops i.e. Egyptian clover, wheat, broad bean and onion as well as vegetable crops i.e. lettuce and cabbage, and ornamental and horticultural plants i.e. mint, basil, navel orange and palm tree at ten villages follow five districts at Sharquia Governorate during the period from January 2016 till March 2017. Results revealed that of three land snail species, i.e. E. vermiculata (Muller), M. cartusiana (Muller) and S. putris (Linnaeus): belonging to the family: Helicidae, Hygromiidae and Succinidae, respectively.
The dispersion and infestation levels of surveyed snails varied according to localities and host plant, whereas, M. cartusiana snails were recorded in all the surveyed localities infesting most surveyed hosts. It seemed to be the key pest followed by S. putris and E. vermiculata snails, where S.putris recorded at five localities belonging four districts, E. vermiculata recorded in two localities belonging two districts, while M. cartusiana recorded in all surveyed location at 5 districts.
1.2. Population dynamics of certain land snail species.
1.2.1. Population dynamics of adult and juvenile of M. cartusiana during (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) at Hussien Timour village, Hehia district, Sharquia Governorate.
Season population dynamics of juvenile and adult of M. cartusiana revealed that adult of M. cartusiana snails were found in Egyptian clover, broad bean, wheat and cabbage field throughout the growing season. Values of population density were gradually increased after winter to reach the maximum values during spring. The highest population densities of adult were detected to March 51, 14.2, 7.2 and 43 & 41.2, 19.6, 6.2 and 44.4 snails per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) in two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) respectively.However, the highest population densities of juvenile were detected in the beginning of February recorded to 56.2, 10.4, 2.2 and 38 & 72.2, 11.6, 4.4 and 49 snails per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) in two season growing (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) respectively.
In onion field the values of population density were gradually increased after winter to reach the maximum values during spring. The highest population densities of adult were detected in March (2015/2016) recorded to 5.2 snails per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) and in April (2016/2017) recorded 5.4.
However, the highest population densities of juvenile were detected in the beginning of March recorded to 2 and 4.6 snails per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) in two season growing (2015/2016) and (2016/2017), respectively.
1.2.2. Population dynamic of adult and juvenile of Monacha cartusiana during (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) at Kfer Aioub village, Belbes district, Sharquia Governorate.
Season population dynamics of juvenile and adult of M. cartusiana revealed that adult of M. cartusiana snails were found in Egyptian clover, broad bean, wheat and cabbage field throughout the two growing season. Values of population density were gradually increased after winter to reach the maximum values during spring. The highest population densities of adult were detected were 56.5, 11.8, 5.8 and 41.2 & 63.6, 14.2, 5 and 39.2 snails per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) at March for two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) for Egyptian clover, broad bean, wheat and cabbage respectively.
However, the highest population densities of juvenile were detected in the beginning of February 62.4, 12.6, 3.7and 43.8 & 66.4, 12.8, 2.8 and 41.8 snails per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) at March for two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) for Egyptian, broad bean, wheat, cabbage and onion respectively during season (2016/2017).
In onion the values of population density were gradually increased after winter to reach the maximum values during spring.The highest population densities of adult and juvenile were detected were 6 and 2.2 &3.6 and 1 snails per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) in March for two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017), respectively.
1.2.3. Population dynamic of adult and juvenile of Monacha cartusiana during (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) at Manshiet Abou Elakhdar village, Zagazig district, Sharquia Governorate.
Season population dynamics of juvenile and adult of M. cartusiana revealed that adult of M. cartusiana snails were found in Egyptian clover, broad bean, wheat and cabbage field throughout the growing season the values of population density were gradually increased after winter to reach the maximum values during spring. The highest population densities of adult were detected in March 31.2, 7, 4.2 and 18.2 & 22.4, 5.8, 3 and 19.4 snails for per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) in two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017), respectively.
However, the highest population densities of juvenile were detected in the beginning of February 37.8, 6.2, 3.2 and 15.8 & 31.8, 4.8, 1.2 and 26 snails for per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) in two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017), respectively.
In onion the values of population density were gradually increased after winter to reach the maximum values during spring. The highest population densities of adult and juvenile were detected were 6.2 and 4.2 & 2 and 2.2 snails for per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) in March for two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017),respectively.
1.2.4. Population dynamics of S. putris snails during (2015/2016) and (2016/2017) at Hussien Timour village, Hehia district and Kafer Auob village, Belbies district, Sharquia Governorate.
The S. putris snails recorded to the maximum peck densities in April on Egyptian clover with 27.8 and 35 & 37.4 and 42.4 snails/sample per quadrate sample size (50 x 50 cm) during two growing season (2015/2016) and (2016/2017), in at Hussien Timour village Hehia district and Kafer Auob Belbies district, Sharquia Governorate respectively.
2. Food consumption:
The effect of food types on food consumption of adult stage of M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata snails were studied under laboratory conditions. Five host plants (lettuce, cabbage, wheat, broad bean and Egyptian clover) were tested for this studied. Daily food consumption for two adult snails was correlated with five host plants. The daily food consumption reaches to its peak (0.09 and 0.318 gm) when fed on lettuce followed by cabbage leaves (0.086 and 0.272 gm) for M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata, respectively. The lowest value (0.014 gm) was recorded on M. cartusiana when fed on Egyptian clover. Conversely, E. vermiculata consumed the lowest value (0.031 gm) when rearing on wheat leaves.
Concerning with general mean it can be arranged descindingly according to food consumption for M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata as a follow (lettuce, 0.09, 0.318 gm), (cabbage 0.086, 0.276 gm), (wheat 0.038, 0.031 gm), (broad bean 0.033, 0.043 gm) and (Egyptian clover 0.014, 0.079 gm), respectively.
3. Toxicity studies of the tested pesticides:
3.1. Molluscicidal activity of two plants parts against M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata snails under laboratory and field conditions.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cactus leaves and blue scarlet pimpernel mixed of leaves, stem and flower against M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata snail by using poisonous baits at three different concentrations of a (10, 20 and 40) %.
A. Under laboratory conditions:
Results showed that the cactus and blue scarlet pimpernel have moluscicidal activity against M. cartusiana snail. This effect increases by increase concentration as it is at a concentration of 10% given mortality percentage for 26.6 and 23.3 % and with the concentration of 40%, which was given mortality percentage 43.3 and 33.3 % respectively.As for cactus and blue scarlet pimpernel they haven’t any molluscicidal activity against E. vermiculata snail.
B. Under field conditions:
Poisonous baits were used at one concentration 40% the cactus gave the highest percentage reduction in the overall average percentage reduction 13.14%, followed by blue scarlet pimpernel by 11.59 %.
3.2. Toxicity of some biocides with poisons baits technique against E. vermiculata and M. cartusiana snail under laboratory and field conditions.
This experiment was conducted by using the following three biocides: Biomecten 5% EC, Biover 10%WP and Protecto9.4%WP.
A. Under laboratory conditions:
Five concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) were used against M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata snail. Results demonstrated that M. cartusiana more sensitive than E. vermiculata snails and mortality percentage increased by increasing the concentration.
1. M. cartusiana snails.
Biomecten5%EC was the most compound against which gave mortality percentage 80, 93.3, 100, 100 and 100% after 14day for five concentrations followed by. Biover 10%WP gave 16.6, 16.6, 20, 23.3 and 26.6% after 14day for all concentration respectively. In the last Protecto 9.4%WP gave lowest mortality percentage 0, 10, 16.6, 20 and 20% after 14day for all concentration, respectively.
2. E. vermiculata snails.
Biomecten 5%EC was the most compound against which gave mortality percentage 100% after 14day for five concentrations followed by. Biover 10%WP gave 6.6, 13.3, 13.3, 16 and 20% for concentration respectively. In the last protecto 9.4%WP gave lowest mortality percentage 0 % for (0.5 and 1%) concentration except concentration (2, 3 and 4%) gave mortality percentage 6.6, 13.3and 16.6% respectively. B. Under field conditions:
Poisonous baits were used at one concentration 2%, Biomectin 5%EC, gave the highest percentage reduction in the overall average percentage reduction 52.7%, followed by Biover 10%WP and protecto 9.4%WP 6.22 and 4.6%, respectively.
3.3. Toxicity of some chemical compounds with poisons baits technique against E. vermiculata and M. cartusiana snails under laboratory and field conditions.
This experiment was conducted by using the following three pesticides: Neomyl 90% SP, Gastrotox 5% G. and Urea 46%.
A. Under laboratory conditions:
Five concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) were used against M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata snail. Results demonstrated that M. cartusiana more sensitive than E. vermiculata snails and mortality percentage increased by increasing the concentration.
1- M. cartusiana snails. Neomyl was the most compound against which gave mortality percentage 100% after 7day for five concentrations followed by Gastrotox gave (46.6, 60, 100, 100 and 100%) after 7day for all concentrations, respectively. In the last Urea recorded to the same results where no mortality (0%) was recorded to the end of experiment when three lower concentrations were used (0.5, 1 and 2%) and recorded 26.6 and 46.6% mortality percentage for highest concentrations (3 and 4%), respectively.
2- E. vermiculata snails.
Neomyl was the most compound against which gave mortality percentage 100% after 7day for five concentrations followed by Gastrotox recorded to 26.6, 73.3, 80, 93.3 and 100% after 7 day for B. Under field conditions:
Poisonous baits were used at one concentration 2%, Biomectin 5%EC, gave the highest percentage reduction in the overall average percentage reduction 52.7%, followed by Biover 10%WP and protecto 9.4%WP 6.22 and 4.6%, respectively.
3.3. Toxicity of some chemical compounds with poisons baits technique against E. vermiculata and M. cartusiana snails under laboratory and field conditions.
This experiment was conducted by using the following three pesticides: Neomyl 90% SP, Gastrotox 5% G. and Urea 46%.
A. Under laboratory conditions:
Five concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) were used against M. cartusiana and E. vermiculata snail. Results demonstrated that M. cartusiana more sensitive than E. vermiculata snails and mortality percentage increased by increasing the concentration.
1- M. cartusiana snails. Neomyl was the most compound against which gave mortality percentage 100% after 7day for five concentrations followed by Gastrotox gave (46.6, 60, 100, 100 and 100%) after 7day for all concentrations, respectively. In the last Urea recorded to the same results where no mortality (0%) was recorded to the end of experiment when three lower concentrations were used (0.5, 1 and 2%) and recorded 26.6 and 46.6% mortality percentage for highest concentrations (3 and 4%), respectively.
2- E. vermiculata snails.
Neomyl was the most compound against which gave mortality percentage 100% after 7day for five concentrations followed by Gastrotox recorded to 26.6, 73.3, 80, 93.3 and 100% after 7 day for five concentrations, respectively. In the last Urea gave same result where no mortality 0% was recorded to the end of experiment when three lower concentrations were used 0.5, 1 and 2% and recording 13.3 and 33.3% mortality percentage after 14 day for highest concentrations 3 and 4%, respectively.
B. Under field conditions:
Poisonous baits were used at one concentration 2%, Neomyl and Gastrotox gave the highest percentage reduction in the overall average percentage reduction 85.05% and 71.5 %, respectively, followed by Urea 0%.