الفهرس 
Introduction .Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Knowledge about the healing process at extraction sites, including contour changes caused by bone resorption and remodeling, is essential (Lam, 1960; Schropp, 2003). Several strategies have been reported to accelerate bone healing (Giannoudis et al., 2005; Basmanav et al., 2008; Dimitriou et al., 2011). The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare between the effects of stem cells and Lepidium sativum on the healing of extraction socket in albino rats and if they could promote new bone formation in the alveolar socket following tooth extraction.
Materials and methods:
Forty-five adult male albino rats weighing 180-200 grams were used in this study. The first mandibular molars were a-traumatically extracted under sterile conditions, and general anesthesia. The rats classified into 3 groups each of them was consisted of 15 animals.
group 1 (Control group):
Rats didn’t receive any local or systemic drugs.
group 2 (Rats treated with BM-MSCs):
Rats were injected intravenously with bone marrow-derived stem cells (BM-MSCs).
Group3 (Rats received LS):
Rats were received an aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum via gastric tube.
Each group was divided into 3 sub-groups according to the timing of killing after tooth extraction.
Subgroup A: Animals killed at 7 days.
Subgroup B: rats killed at14 days.
Subgroup C: which killed at 30 days.
After killing the animals, molar areas of the hemi-mandibles were dissected, kept in formalin then decalcified and prepared for paraffin embedding. Sections were examined by light microscope using:
1) H&E for routine histological examination.
2) Masson Trichrome for histochemical study.
3) Osteonectin monoclonal antibodies for immuno-histochemical study.
4) Histomorphometric analysis was performed through:
• Number of immunopositive osteoblasts and young osteocytes.
• The area fraction of newly formed bone in each field by Image J software.
Results:
The histological results of the present study with H&E stain at 7 days following the extraction showed relatively better healing in subgroup 2A (stem cells treated rats) then subgroups 3A & 1A (LS treated group and control group respectively).
The subgroup 3A were comparable to subgroup 2A with H&E stain while with Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical stains, it showed little improvement than the corresponding subgroups (control and stem cell treated rats).
The histological results with H&E stain at 14 days after the extraction, revealed relative healing amelioration in subgroup 2B when compared with the previous period (subgroup 2A) where rats killed at 7 days. At 30 days, All the histological findings revealed that the relative best healing of the extraction sockets in subgroup 2C (stem cells treated group) than the other subgroups and this was reinforced with Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical results.
Histomorphometric and Statistical results:
30 days period in all groups showed statistically significant highest mean % of newly formed bone followed by 14 days period then 7days period. Stem cell treated group showed statistically significant highest mean % of newly formed bone then followed by Lepidium sativum treated group then control group.
30 days period in all groups showed statistically significant highest mean value of osteocytes and osteoblasts number followed by 14 days period then 7days period. Stem cell treated group at all periods showed statistically significant highest mean % of osteocytes and osteoblasts number except at 7 days Lepidium sativum treated group was statistically significant higher than other groups.