الفهرس 
Respiratory FailureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Respiratory Failure is a syndrome characterized by the inability
of the respiratory system to maintain adequate arterial O2 and CO2
levels according to the demands of cellular metabolism. RF may be
caused by the failure of the exchanger, lung, organ or pump, or failure
of the respiratory muscles.
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving measure that is widely
used in pediatric intensive critical units (PICU). In developed countries,
it is employed in approximately 30% of the patients that are admitted to
the PICU.
Weaning can be defined as the gradual reduction in respiratory
support, assigning a spontaneous breathing time to let the patient take
responsibility for an acceptable gas exchange.
Extubation is the removal of the endotracheal tube. Generally,
this point coincides with the determination that the patient is able to
maintain an effective gas exchange without ventilator support or with
minimal additional support.
The goal for weaning from MV is to liberate the child from the
ventilator as soon as he/she is able to sustain independent breathing.
This is to minimize the many risks associated with MV, including
ventilator-associated lung injury, VAP, and upper airway injury to the
trachea and vocal cord area unfortunately, and there are no completely
accurate and reliable indicators of a patient’s ability to be successfully
extubated.