الفهرس 
Cardiac surgery procedures
Heart valve surgeryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Improvements in open heart surgical technique that have been introduced
over the past decade may have resulted in better preservation of cognitive
function after open heart surgery compared with earlier analyses. Further,
Cognitive decline after open-heart surgery has been the subject of a number of
conflicting reports in recent years.
Interest in identifying physiological bases that explain how the variation
in state of mind can influence the postoperative recovery of patients subjected to
surgery has led to a number of studies, and some have reported high levels of
preoperative anxiety and depression with harmful changes in the neuroendocrine
response (cortisol and interleukin synthesis) during the postoperative
period in these patients.
The authors of some studies carried out with patients undergoing cardiac
surgery regard preoperative anxiety and depression as cardiovascular risk factors.
They conclude that both disorders can lead to the development of a greater
number of postoperative complications over the medium and long terms and
result in a lower recovery rate for the performance of activities of daily living, as
well as a higher prevalence of chronic postoperative pain, rate of hospital
readmissions, and incidence of adverse cardiac events, and lower overall
survival.
Anxiety and depression symptoms are known to have high prevalence
rates before cardiac surgery, with decreasing rates after surgery. Both disorders
often occur simultaneously, and interrelationships are relatively strong. It predicts
increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients. Thus, effective