الفهرس 
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Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is the classical systemic autoimmune disease due to its wide spectrum of clinical and immunological abnormalities. It is characterized by production of multiple auto-antibodies with a complex and wide spectrum.
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL, APO-2 ligand) is a transmembrane (type II) glycoprotein. The extracellular domain of TRAIL is homologous to that of other TNF superfamily members. There are several indications that TRAIL could be involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases in general and SLE inparticular .
This study aimed to determine the serum level of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL), the expression level of TRAIL mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as the expression level of TRAIL-receptor-1 (death receptor-4/DR-4/ CD261) on neutrophils and to clarify their potential relationship with disease activity, neutropenia as well as renal impairment in SLE patients.
The current study was carried out at Microbiology and Immunology Department, in collaboration with Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University during the period from November 2016 to December 2017. This study involved 75 patients (69 females &6 males) from those attending the Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient ward of Internal Medicine Department of Menoufia University Hospital (MUH) and 15 apparently healthy subjects as (13females&2males) a control group.
The studied individuals were classified into 4 groups; group I involved 25 patients (23 females & 2 males) with active SLE.