الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted at the Poultry Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agricultural, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
It aimed to evaluate the effects of orally administration with bee pollen (BP) levels at 500 and 1000mg/buck in capsulated form on the semen physical characteristics, some hematological and physiological traits of rabbit bucks raised under the prevailing high temperature under Upper Egypt climatic conditions during the experimental period, which extended from April to June 2016.
A total of 30 rabbit bucks (15 V-line & 15 Moshtohor); 52 weeks old, were equally classified into three experimental groups. Bucks in the 1st group (control) were fed on a commercial ration, while those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed on the same diet but orally administered with 500 and 1000mg BP/buck/ day, respectively all-over 56 days experimental period.
The achieved results could be summarized as follow:-
1. Impact of rabbit line, bee pollen treatment and their interaction on the productive performance:
a. Effect of rabbit line: The findings showed that the total feed intake of Moshtohor bucks decreased significantly (P≤0.01) than that of the V-line, while the means body weight and total weight gain were not significantly affected.
b. Effect of bee pollen treatment: The obtained results indicated that the final body weight (g) and total weight gain (g) of bucks daily treated with 500 and 1000mg BP/buck increased insignificantly than those of the control. The total feed intake (g) for treated bucks decreased significantly (P≤0.01) by about 4.4 and 8.5% as compared those of the control group.
c. Effect of interaction (B ×T): The final body weight, total weight gain and total feed intake of rabbit bucks were insignificantly affected by the interaction between rabbit line and BP treatment.
2. Impact of rabbit line, the treatment with bee pollen and their interaction on the hematological parameters:
a. Effect of rabbit line: The Moshtohor rabbit bucks had significantly higher counts of WBC,S (103) as well as higher levels of Hb, HTC and MCV, respectively than those of V-line. However, the average of RBCs (106) of Moshtohor rabbit bucks was insignificantly higher than that of V-line bucks.
b. Effect of bee pollen treatment: Regarding the treatment with BP, the obtained results revealed that the means of WBC,s (103), RBC,s (106), Hb (g/dl), HTC (%) and MCV (%) increased significantly (P≤0.01 or 0.05) for the treated bucks than those of the control group.
c. Effect of interaction (L×T): The obtained results showed no significant effects on the hematological traits due to the interaction between rabbit line and BP treatment.
3. Impact of rabbit line, bee pollen treatment and their interaction on the blood biochemical analysis:
a. Effect of rabbit line: The total protein concentrations were significantly (P≤0.01) affected by rabbit line, while the albumin and globulin concentrations were not affected. The means of glucose (g/dl) in V-line rabbit bucks increased significantly (P≤0.01), while the means of cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity were not affected as compared with those of Moshtohor bucks.
b. Effect of bee pollen treatment: The obtained results showed that the rabbit bucks treated with BP had the highest total protein (P≤0.01) and albumin (P≤0.05) concentrations than those of the bucks in the control group. The glucose level (g/dl) and the total antioxidant capacity in the treated groups increased significantly (P≤0.01), while the concentrations of cholesterol (mg/dl) decreased significantly (P≤0.001) than those of the control group.
c. Effect of interaction (L×T): The interaction between rabbit line and BP treatment showed insignificant differences in blood proteins, cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity, while the glucose level was increased significantly (P≤0.01) differed.
4. Impact of rabbit line, the treatment with bee pollen and their interaction on the semen physical characteristics:
a. Effect of rabbit line: The means of the reaction time (sec.), live sperms (%), mass motility (%), Conc./ml (×106) and Conc./Ej. (×106) of Moshtohor rabbit bucks improved significantly (P≤0.001) than those of the V-line.
b. Effect of bee pollen treatment: The means of ejaculate volume, live sperms, mass motility, conc./ml and conc./ej. (×106) for bucks treated with BP exceeded significantly (P≤0.01), while the reaction time and sperm abnormalities decreased significantly (P≤0.01) as compared with the corresponding figures of the control group. The daily treatment with both of 500 and 1000 mg BP/ buck decreased significantly the abnormal sperm percentages.
c. Effect of interaction (L×T): The interaction between rabbit line and BP treatment had insignificant effects on the semen characteristics except both of concentrations per ml and per ejaculate.
5. Impact of rabbit line, the treatment with bee pollen and their interaction on the antioxidant activities and testosterone hormone concentration:
a. Effect of rabbit line: The highest glutathione concentrations were recorded in the serum and seminal plasma, while the lowest malondialdehyde concentrations were found in Moshtohor than in V-line bucks, but without significant differences. The concentration of the testosterone hormone of Moshtohor rabbit bucks increased significantly than that of the V-line.
b. Effect of bee pollen treatment: The obtained results indicated that the concentrations of glutathione and the testosterone hormone of the treated rabbit bucks increased significantly (P≤0.01), while the malondialdehyde concentration was significantly (P≤0.01) decreased.
c. Effect of interaction (L×T): The obtained results showed insignificant effects on malondialdehyde and glutathione content of rabbit bucks due to the interaction, while the testosterone hormone concentration was significantly (P≤0.01) affected. Conclusion: from the obtained results it could be concluded that the daily oral treated rabbit bucks raised under high temperature with both of 500 and 1000mg bee pollen/ buck improved significantly the semen characteristics, blood parameters, antioxidant activities, and the concentrations of the testosterone hormone.
Thus, it could be easily concluded that administration with BP can successfully and remarkably improve the production and reproduction performance and the semen physical characteristics of rabbit bucks raised by farmers and small holders under Assiut prevailing hot climatic conditions.