الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) is gaining interest as a mean of saving water while minimizing loss in crop production. Field experiment was conducted in the experimental farm, faculty of agriculture, Kafr El-sheikh University, Egypt, during growing season of 2016-2017. The present work included the following: Irrigation systems (Furrow surface irrigation and surface drip irrigation (SDI)). However, different techniques had been investigated with surface irrigation (alternative furrow (AFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) with a furrow length of 20, 30 and 40 m. The experiment was designed as split plot with three replications, where irrigation systems used as the main plot and furrow length as sub-plot. The ranges of mean cowpea yield gained from irrigation system were 932.33, 910.52 and 1179.52 kg/fed. for CFI, AFI and SDI, respectively. The effect of furrow length and their interaction with irrigation system on yield were non-significant but the irrigation system has significant effect on yield (P<0.01). The maximum and minimum yield was obtained at length of 20 m for SDI and length of 40 m for AFI, which were 34.37 kg/plot and 25.26 kg/plot, respectively. The effect of irrigation system on the water use efficiency (WUE) was highly significant (p<0.01). The average WUE was decreased from 11.57 to 8.10 kg/m3 when the furrow length increased from 20 to 40 m. The range of mean values of WUE due to the effect of furrow length from 20 to 40m was highly significant (P<0.01) only. The average of (WUE) was increased from 5.81 to 9.87 and 13.41 kg/m3 for CFI, AFI and SDI systems, respectively. The highest and lowest values of irrigation depth (ID), water application efficiency (WAE), water distribution efficiency (WDE) and applied water (AW) were 17.65-10.12 cm, 75.25-52.46 %, 73.37 -36.45% and 61.20-23.61 m3, respectively. The possibility of using the drip irrigation system in the clay delta lands with short furrow length to obtain more productivity as well as providing amounts of water and the best choices as it gives us the right amount of irrigation water in the specified time and place. In case it cannot be applied, the alternative is to use the irrigation technology in the alternative system with short lines.