الفهرس 
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Abstract
Lymphoma is a type of lymph-proliferative disorders. Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of our immunity. It is characterized by the formation of solid tumors in the immune system.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the higher in incidence. It comprise many subtypes, the most common one is diffuse large B cell (DLBCL) which we focused on it on our study.
Natural killer cells are an innate immune cell which plays a crucial role in immune surveillance against tumor cells.
NKp44 is unique receptor as its expression is restricted to activated NK cells capable of initiating an immediate cytotoxic response.
The aim of our study is to investigate the expression of Nkp44 receptors on natural killer cells of peripheral blood in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with and without the activation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).
This study comprised 30 newly diagnosed NHL patients (16 males and 14 females) aged between 21 and 80 years old and 20 age and sex matched apparently healthy individuals (12 males and 8 females) aged between 28 and 72 years old.
All patients were subjected to the following: thorough clinical history, full physical examination and laboratory investigations including complete blood count with differential, liver function, kidney function tests, B2 microglobuline, LDH, bone marrow aspiration, Immunophenotyping, and pathological diagnosis then assessing the expression of NKp44 after withdrawal of a 6 ml fresh peripheral blood, layered on Ficoll-Hypaque then centrifuged . The cells were washed one time with PBS and another time with RPMI , then resuspended in RPMI 1640 media ,supplemented with 10 % heat-inactivated FBS,100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and cultured at 37 °C in a humidified 5 % CO2 incubator.The PBMCs from each patient received the stimulation with phytohaemaglutinin (PHA; Sigma) 10 μg/ml. A culture of PBMCs without any stimulator considered as control. Finally, the PBMCs from all cultures washed 2 times before flowcytometric analysis for detection of surface expression of CD56 and NKp44.
In this study the results showed that the almost all NK cell populations (CD56 +ve NKp44-ve, CD56 -ve NKp44+ve, total CD56+ve) and NKp44 MFI were significantly higher with PHA stimulation than without PHA stimulation in control group (P<0.05).
Also within patients group all NK cell populations and NKp44 MFI were significantly higher with PHA stimulation than without PHA stimulation (P<0.05).
There was no significant difference between control and patients groups without PHA stimulation neither in NK cell populations nor NKp44 MFI. But after PHA stimulation all NK cell populations except (CD56 –ve NKp44+ve) and NKp44 MFI significantly higher in patients group than control group.
In patients group without PHA stimulation the NKp44 MFI significantly higher with β2 microglobuline level ≤2.5 mg/L than higher level. Also NKp44 MFI significantly higher with Ann Arbor staging I and II than III and IV. MFI of NKp44 with IPI 1 and 2 was more than 3 and 4. There was negative correlation between age and (CD56 +ve NKp44+ve) and total CD56.