الفهرس 
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Abstract
Anemia of CKD is a multifactorial process due to relative EPO deficiency, uremic-induced inhibitors of erythropoiesis, shortened erythrocyte survival, and disordered iron homeostasis. Recent work has identified hepcidin excess as a main contributor to the disordered iron homeostasis and anemia of CKD by impairing dietary iron absorption and iron mobilization from body stores.
The most common causes of ESRD in the studied anemic patients in the present study were hypertension 54.2% in anemic patients followed 18.1% DM, 10.8% undetermined Aetiology, 4.8% analgesic nephropathy, 3.6% obstructive nephropathy, 3.6% chronic glomerulonephritis, 2.4% chronic pyelonephritis, 1.2% preeclampsia, 1.2% vasculitis .
The prevalence of anemia in the present study conducted on 110 patients on regular hemodialysis was 75.5%. And the distributions of anemia according to MCV were 71.1% normocytic normochromic, followed by 25.3% microcytic hypochromic, and 3.6% macrocytic.
The distribution of anemia according to iron status of 110 patients 15.7% were iron deficient, 61.9% of them show the criteria of absolute iron deficiency anemia, and 38.1% of them show the criteria of functional iron deficiency anemia.
The distribution of anemia according to age showed that 60.2% were more than 50 years old, and 35% their ages between 30-50 years old. The distribution of anemia in the present study was common in females 56.6% than males 43.4%.
The co-morbidities associated with anemic patients 6.02% are presented by 2nd hyperparathyroidism, 4.8% are dyslipidaemia, and 41% are presented by HCV infection.