الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 123 |  |  |
| | | from | 123 | | |
Abstract
The present study was carried out to survey the presence of bovine blood parasites (babesiosis, theileriosis and anaplasmosis) in El-Wadi El-Gedid province by using direct smear examination and PCR technique.
Among of 617 animals infected with ticks in different locations 400 cattle showing clinical signs were examined microscopically.
50 samples from them were examined by PCR.
Blood samples were collected from animals of veterinary clinic with owner complain The blood collected from ear vein of each animal for direct smear and from Jugular vein in EDITA containing tubes for PCR.
Examination of Giemsa stained blood smears revealed there were intra-lymphocytic and/or intra-erythrocytic stages Theileria and Theileria-like organisms as a result of multiplication of Theileria parasites, both macroschizonts and microschizonts were found in most of clinically infected cattle.
Also it revealed intra-erythrocytic Babesia species in blood samples of examined cattle. Only one form of Babesia species were detected, large intra-erythrocytic double pyriform (pear shaped) of Babesia bigemina joined with an acute angle, while Babesia bovis not detected
Also other blood smears showed intra erythrocytic chromatin like dot of anaplasma marginale.
Blood film examination revealed that the infection rate with Theileria species was 22.0% (88/400) of cattle also the prevelance of Babesia species were 10.0% (40/400) in cattle while prevalence of Anaplasma 17.5% (70/400). So, it detected higher prevalence of both Theileria and Anaplasma in cattle.
A total of 50 blood samples were examined by PCR. The confirmed Theileria annulata infections were 56.0% (28/50).these results indicated that the incidence of T. annulata is veryhigh in El-Wadi El-Gedid province.
The confirmed Babesia bigemina infections were 6% (6/50) while Babesia ovis were 0% (0/50).These results revealed that Babesia bigemina was the most prevalent Babesia species in El-Wadi El-Gedid province
The confirmed anaplasma marginale infections were 16% (8/50) which indicate high prevalence of anaplasmosis in El-Wadi El-Gedid province.
These results revealed that Babesia infection rates among selected cattle were 10.0% and 6% by microscopic examination and by PCR, respectively. While, On the other hand, Theileria infection rates among selected cattle were 22.0% and 56.0% by microscopic examination and by PCR, respectively. While, results revealed that Anaplasma infection rates among selected cattle were 17.50% and 16.0% by microscopic examination and by PCR, respectively.
Concerning the genetic diversity, the examined samples showed a great variation with the GenBank isolates in the area of merozite piroplasm surface antigen 1. Moreover, many variations among the examined samples were noticed. Therefore, genetic diversity of Theileria annulata in the examined samples is of a great interest.
Conclusion:
1) Among of 617 animals infected with ticks in different locations 400 cattle showing clinical signs.
2) 400 blood film examination revealed that the infection rate with Babesia species were 10.0% (40/400) in cattle. Also, the prevalence of Theileria species was 22.0% (88/400) of cattle while prevalence of Anaplasma 17.5% (70/400). So, it detected higher prevalence of both Theileria and Anaplasma in cattle
3) A total of 50 blood samples were examined by PCR. Theileria annulata infections were 56.0% (28/50), Anaplasma marginale infections were 16% (8/50) and Babesia bigemina infections were 6% (6/50) while Babesia ovis were 0% (0/50).
4) Sequence analysis of Theileria annulata revealed a great diversity in merozite piroplasm surface antigen 1. Therefore, ability of Theileria to invade the host immune response should be considered.
5) Theileria annulata is the major risk of blood parasites in El-Wadi El Gedid province.