الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present observational case control hospital-based study included 160 women (96 fertile & 64 postmenopausal women). It was carried in internal medicine department, Minia university hospital from June 2016 to June 2017. The enrolled women were selected from attendant to outpatient’s clinic for checkup examination. According to their BMI they further classified into obese and non-obese subgroups. Obese with BMI ≥ 30 kg/ m2 as a case group, non-obese with BMI ≤ 25 kg/ m2 as control group the control group.
Fertile women aged 22-43 years. were sub grouped into obese (n= 60) & non-obese (n=36).Postmenopausal women with age of 47-70 years. Were also sub grouped into obese (n=40) & non-obese (n=24). Fertile & postmenopausal women were BMI matched.
Exclusion criteria:
1- Age less than 20 years, pregnancy or lactation
2- Anemia.
3- Recent or chronic infection and inflammation.
4- Malignancy, Autoimmune or any chronic diseases.
5- Hormonal treatment.
All enrolled women were subjected to the following
Ⅰ: Through history taking with special attention to age, special habits, menstrual history for fertile women and drug history.
Ⅱ: Through clinical examination with special attention to :
1 – Calculation of BMI.
2- Calculation of WHR.
3-Measurment of systemic blood pressure.
4- IR signs.