الفهرس 
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Abstract
First and foremost, praise and thanks are to ALLAH for his limitless help and guidance and peace is up on his prophet. I feel always indebted to ALLAH, the kindest and most merciful
Words can never express my heartily thanks and indebtedness to Prof. Osama Ahmed Farouk, professor of orthopedic surgery, Faculty of Medicine at Assuit University for his intensive support, comprehensive advice, continuous and friendly encouragement and faith, and full guidance. I also appreciate his efforts and the precious time he has devoted for the perfection of this work.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to Dr. Mona Ali Mohamed Assistant professor of Critical Care Nursing, and Faculty of Nursing at Assuit University for her kind attitude, constructive criticism, stimulating enthusiasm