الفهرس 
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Abstract
Metals are probably well-known to the humans and animals as the oldest toxic substances. Among existing toxic metals, the most important are cadmium, lead, and mercury, which are harmful to the animal’s healthLead is the oldest known toxic metal, physiologically and biologically harmful to living creatures. This study aimed to evaluate the lead accumulation in the liver and breast muscles of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and to compare concentrations in both sexes and its effect on blood biochemical factors.αLA as a dithiol compound appears capable of chelating some toxic metals, and improves their clearance from the body. In vitro, αLA chelate mercury from renal slices (Keith et al., 1997). But certain studies suggested that the toxicity of cadmium or mercury was decreased mainly by the antioxidant activity of αLA rather than by removal of metals from tissues.Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the toxic effect of lead on Japanese quails, and whether the supplementation of αLA can reverse or enhance the toxicity and tissue concentrations of the tested metals.Our 30-day study was carried out on a total 50 seven-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) of both sexes which were obtained from the department of animal breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University. The animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the study protocol was approved by the local authorities (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt). Groups:1-Control group: consists of 10 Male: The birds received normal water and feed and considered the negative control group.2-Lead treated group: consists of 10 Male: The birds were supplied with treated water contained a lead acetate) in 1g/ litter.3-Alpha lipoic acid: - consists of 10 Male: Were fed αLA containing diet at dose of 1% per kg mixed with ration.4-lipoic acid + lead: consists of 10 Male:The birds were supplied with toxic water contained a lead acetate) 1g/litter water + αLA containing diet at dose of 1g/kg mixed with feedOur results concluded that:-Our results on the effect of different treatments on liver function cleared that, the:- ALT and AST levels of a higher level in the group treated with lead toxicity and lipoic acid + lead. While, the lower level of ALT observed in control group and in the group treated with alpha lipoic acid. The level of ALP showed a higher level in control group and alpha lipoic acid. While, the lower ALP level observed in the group exposed to lead toxicity and Lipoic acid + lead treated group, respectively 4-While, our results on the total bilirubin level cleared that, a higher level of total bilirubin observed in lead toxicity group and lipoic acid + lead treated group. While, the lower total bilirubin level observed in the group treated with alpha lipoic acid and control group. Also, While, our results about direct bilirubin cleared that, a higher level observed in lead toxicity group and lipoic acid + lead treated group. While, the lower direct bilirubin level observed in the group treated with alpha lipoic acid and control group.5- While, our results about the effect of different treatments on serum protein fraction, indicated that, the total serum protein level showed a higher level in the control group and alpha lipoic acid treated group. While, the lower total serum protein observed in lipoic acid treated group and lead toxic treated group. While, Our results about serum albumin level showed a higher level in the control group and alpha lipoic acid treated group. While, the lower total serum protein observed in lipoic acid + lead treated group and lead toxic group. Meanwhile, the level of Alpha -1 globulin showed a higher level in control group and lead toxicity group and Lead + lipoic acid treated group. While, the lower Alph-1 globulin level observed in the group treated with alpha lipoic acid. Meanwhile, the level of Apha-2 globulin showed a higher level in lipoic acid + lead treated group and alpha lipoic acid treated group. While, the lower level of alpha-2 globulin observed in control group and lead toxicity group. Meanwhile, the level of Beta- globulin showed a higher level in control group and alpha lipoic acid. While, the lower level of Beta-globulin observed in lead toxicity group and lipoic acid + lead treated group. Meanwhile, the level of Gamma globulin showed a higher level in lead toxicity group and Lipoic acid + lead treated group. While, the lower level of Gamma globulin observed in alpha lipoic acid treated group and control group6- Our results about the effect of different treatments on hematological parameters in lead induced serum protein fraction cleared that, the Hemoglobin level showed a higher level in alpha lipoic acid treated group and control group and also, in the group treated with lipoic acid + lead treated group. While, the lower hemoglobin level observed in the group suffering from lead toxicity. While, our results about RBCs level showed a higher level in alpha lipoic acid and Lipoic acid + lead treated group. While, the lower RBCs level observed in lead toxicity group and control group Meanwhile, the level of Ht % showed a higher level in alpha lipoic acid, control group and lipoic acid + lead treated group. While, the lower level of Ht % observed in lead toxicity group.7- While, our results on the effect of different treatments on level of heavy metals in lead induced toxicity in quails, indicated that, the lead level showed a higher level in lipoic + lead treated group followed by lead toxicity group. While, the lower lead level observed in the control group and alpha lipoic acid treated group.8- Our results about the level of copper, calcium, iron and phosphorus cleared that, their level decreased during lead toxicity and improved in the group treated with alpha lipoic acid.9- Our results indicated that, the oxidative/anti-oxidative indices that, includes MDA, GSH, GST, SOD, CAT and GPx levels decreased in its value with lead toxicity and improved in the group treated with alpha lipoic acid.