الفهرس 
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Abstract
The vertebrates have different movements according to their habits and anatomical structures. The cerebellum is responsible for the coordination of the movements, regulation of the muscle tone and maintenance of the posture.
Aim of the work:
It is to compare the morphology of the anterior cerebellar lobe’s lobules (lobule III for the hind limb and lobules IV, V for the forelimb movements) among different vertebrates with an emphasis on the cerebellar structural/functional relationship.
Material and Methods:
Different adult vertebrates were used; from the mammalian group: the rat, cat, rabbit and cow, from the avians: the pigeon, bat and duck, from the reptiles: the snake and from the primates: the humane. The cerebella of all animals were examined for the gross morphology and microscopic structure. In lobules III, IV and V, the thicknesses of the cerebellar cortical layers and Purkinje cell surface area were measured and Purkinje cell count was done. The obtained data were analyzed statistically.
Results:
The Snake׳s cerebellum didn’t show foliations. The pigeon, duck and bat had a large foliated vermis with rudimentary cerebellar hemispheres. The rat, cat, rabbit and cow showed large complex foliations of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. The human had massive cerebellar hemispheres and a small vermis.
The pigeon, duck, bat had well developed lobules IV, V and so did the cat. In contrast, the rat and rabbit had a well developed lobule III in comparison to lobules IV, V. In the cow and human, lobules III, IV and V were well developed.
The order of the cerebellar layers in the different animals was similar. There were significant differences between lobule III and lobules IV, V in Purkinje cell count and the cortical layers thickness following the animals’ behavior. In the animals using the hind limbs more than the forelimbs, the mean numbers of those measured data showed a significant increase in lobule III compared to lobules IV, V and vice versa.
Conclusion:
The variations in the morphology and structures of the cerebella are related to the behavioral differences among the examined animals.
The degree of the structural complexity of the cerebellar lobules III, IV and V is related to the limbs´ function.