الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of laser aided orthodontic therapy and conventional orthodontic therapy in alleviating mandibular anterior crowding. The assessed outcomes were the over all leveling and alignment time for both laser and control groups and the leveling and alignment improvement percentage. Side effects that could be generated from the intervention such as pain perception and root resorption were evaluated.
The sample was recruited from the out patients’ clinic of the Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University. The sample consisted of 26 adult female patients with mandibular anterior crowding quantified with Little’s irregularity index being between 4-10. The patients were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups either control group or laser group. One patient in the laser group and three patients in the control group were lost to follow up. The final sample included 12 patients in the experimental (laser) group and 10 patients in the control group.
After taking the standard orthodontic records, bands were placed on mandibular right and left first molars. Mandibular teeth second pre-molar to second pre-molar were bonded with 0.022-inch pre-adjusted edgewise-mini diamond brackets with Roth prescription (Ormco, Europe). Orthodontic wires were placed during the laser procedure appointment for the experimental group and during the bonding appointment for the control group. Leveling and Alignment were initiated with 0.014- Cu-NiTi wire, when 50% of initial crowding was relieved 0.016- Cu-NiTi wire was placed. This wire was changed to 0.016x0.022-NiTi when 80% of the initial alignment was relieved.
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Summary
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Conclusions
When alignment was complete 0.017x0.022- Stainless Steel wire was placed.The laser medium used was Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) semiconductor diode laser applied using a Laser machine (biolase epic x console) having a wavelength of 940±10nm. Power was set to 2.5 W and the time was 30 seconds. These parameters yielded an application dose of 72 J for each session. Laser was applied at days 0,3,7 and 14 and at 1 month then every 2 weeks until complete alignment. Alginate impressions of the lower arch were taken at each visit and labeled. Stone models were scanned using 3-shape R750 scanner and Little’s irregularity index was measured using the ortho-analyzer software. Pain perception was assessed using a VAS and root resporption was assessed using CBCT.
Results showed 40 % reduction in the overall treatment time in the laser group when compared to the control group. Leveling and alignment improvement percentage was not statistically significant during the first 2 months although clinically significant with a 50% and 30% higher rates for the laser group at one week and two weeks respectively. Results showed no statistically significant differences between control and laser groups regarding root resorption of the four lower incisors with exception to the left lateral having statistically significant root resorption in the laser group than the control group, though clinically insignificant. Pain scores were statistically insignificant between the two groups until day 4, while day 5 showed a statistically significant decreases in pain scores in the laser group than the control groups indicating that pain duration and peak was less in the laser group than the control group.