الفهرس 
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Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm characterized by ineffective hematopoeisis and the hallmark of the disease is the dysplastic changes of the hematopoietic cells in both peripheral blood and marrow, with subsequent sustained peripheral cytopenias and risk of evolution to AML. Its peak age of incidence is between 50-90 years, but can appears in childhood as well, with male to female ratio 1.5/1.
Lipocalin-2 is an inflammatory cytokine, secreted secreted by leukocytes primarily in the granules of human neutrophils and expressed in low levels in the kidney, prostate and epithelia of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Moreover, it mediates the generation of reactive oxygen species which results in DNA damage with consequent HSC aging and death.
Our study aimed at assessing lipocalin-2 level in patients with MDS and to investigate the diagnostic role of lipocalin-2 in MDS cases.
This involved studying of lipocalin-2 in 30 patients with MDS and a control group of 20 subjects. The adopted assay method was immunohistochemistry for lipocalin-2 detection.
In the present study marrow lipocalin-2 levels are significantly higher in MDS patients compared to normal marrow in the control group. The cut off value of LCN2 was 8% which had a diagnostic specificity of 100% and a diagnostic accuracy of 74%. We also found a positive correlation between lipocalin-2 and each of ESR and CRP. This augments the theory that the high levels of lipocalin-2 reflect the significant inflammatory role in the pathogenesis of MDS.
In conclusion, the present study indicates clearly that lipocalin-2 is a significant diagnostic marker in patients with MDS with a pathogenetic inflammatory role in MDS.