الفهرس 
Surgical anatomy and embryologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Colon cancer is a malignancy that arises from uncontrolled cell growth in the inner lining of the colon. Most, if not all, of these cancers develop over colonic polyps. Colon cancer ranked in the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females, with peak incidence in old aged males.
Screening of colon cancer in Egypt reveals its prevalence in males below age of 45 years, being the third most common cause of death in Egypt with about 90% 5 years survival following surgical treatment.
Symptoms of colon cancer are numerous and nonspecific such as, change in bowel habits, blood in stool, unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain...Etc. Physical examination may reveal a palpable mass. Bowel obstruction or perforation at time of diagnosis associated with worse prognosis.
Different modalities employed for early detection and screening of colonic cancer patients; barium enema and colonoscopy with availability of biopsy taking. Accurate staging of disease is done by; CT-scan of abdomen, pelvis and chest, while PET and MRI used in certain cases. Markers as; CEA and CA 19-9 are an independent diagnostic and prognostic factor, its value lies in serial monitoring after surgical resection.
Selection of the most beneficial treatment regimes in colon cancer remains a challenge, that hindered by a lack of well-established prognostic markers. Many clinical and pathological factors are studied and some show significant impact on prognosis such as: Tumor stage (TNM), Type and grade of tumor, acute clinical presentation, Etc.
Patients with colon cancer usually managed by surgical resection, with or without chemotherapy aimed at curation or palliation, depending on the stage of the tumor and patient’s health.