الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Stereological studies are more and more frequent in literature, particularly in the development, evolution, pathology, and neurosciences areas. The stereology challenge is to understand the structural inner three-dimensional arrangement based on the analysis of the structure slices only showing two-dimensional information. Measures of irregular shape volume, can be used to make quantitative statements regarding function that are useful in comparative and experimental studies of tissues and organs. Because most structures of interest to the biologist are three-dimensional (3D) and opaque, structural features are best visualized on twodimensional (2D) images or sections through the structure. The most famous methods used to measure these sizes is Cavalieri method who measured the three dimension (3D) solid subject via the analysis of sections through the measured volume beginning from a uniform random starting position within the sectioning interval, a structure of interest is sectioned with a series of parallel plane probes a constant distance apart. Following this, an unbiased estimate of volume (V) is obtained by summing the areas and multiplying by the slice thickness. 111 Practically, Archimedes‘ principle is in measurement the volume of an irregularly shaped object. This can be done by the measure the weight of the fluid that displaced from buoyancy of an object immersed in a fluid. The Archimedes volumes measurement of interest irregular subjects measure that used in this thesis was 807.63 cm3. This subject volume was estimated by application Cavalieri method after it scanned by MRI image as it was explained in method in this thesis, then the coefficient of error García 2003 of measurement among sections was estimated. This volume was estimated by Easy-Measure software by using point counting the total volume for this interest shape subjects was 752072.4 mm3 while the coefficient of error is about 0.76089 the Absolute Error Score from these measures was investigated and this was equal: 55.56 cm3. The total number of the pixels in the image in all sections of the same irregular object were scanned previously by MRI scanning is founded by MATLAB simulation technique. In particularly the volume was found by conversion between the units was found from pixel size to ml. Total volume for this interest volume in this method was 762720 mm3 while volume in Cavalieri method was 752 072.4 mm3). The second phase of this study is to measure Measurement irregular size is an important topic in Stereology human brain volume by Stereology to investigate the quantitative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging techniques to explore the neuro-anatomic correlates of chronic, combat stress disorder in 30 young undergraduate Palestinian subjects whom suffering from continuous strong stress in their life spam as a result from Israeli occupation and compare their brain volumes with 30 young undergraduate British people whom doesn’t suffering from any difficulty during their life. The t-test was conducted to check the differences in the volume of the hippocampus. There was a significant mean effect of the hippocampus volume (p=0.02) and right hippocampus volume (p=0.003), indicating that the mean volume of the hippocampus the British male group is significantly larger than the hippocampus volume in the second Palestinian male group this show that the prolonged stresses cause morphological changes in the size of the hippocampus with significant clinical effects. The effect of laterality (different between right and left hippocampus volume) was not significant (p=0.589) for British group; and (P=0.788) for Palestinian group subject. There were no statistically significant group differences in medial temporal lobe and hemispheric brain volume. |