الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is the most prevalent gastro intestinal disorder. The pathophysiology of PUD involves an imbalance between offensive (acid, pepsin and H. pylori) and defensive factors (mucin, prostaglandin, bicarbonate, nitric oxide and growth factors). Some psychological conditions like anxiety, stress, surgical shock, burns and trauma also stimulate gastric acid secretion and leads to ulcer. Free radicals, oxidants, physical, chemical factors are also involved in the pathogenesis of PUD. A number of drugs are used in the treatment of ulcers but its clinical evaluation shows the incidence of relapses, side effects with interaction of other drugs. Currently there are different classes of drugs like proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers, antibiotics and anti-acids are available for treatment of peptic ulcer but all these drugs have side effects and limitations.
In view of this concept, this work was conducted in an aim to study the effect of chronic administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) , vinegar and leptin on HCO3¯ secretion and duodenal ulcer induced by indomethacin plus histamine dihydrochloride.
The experiment was performed twice with 24 animals in each time. The first time the experiment started on September 1st and ended on October 12th(A). The second time of the experiment started on December the 1st and ended on January 11th (B). In each time, rats were divided into four equal main groups according to the medication given :
group I (control group) : Fed for 6 weeks on a standard laboratory rat diet offered ad lab.
group II: Leptin (10 µg/kg, s.c) administered twice a day for 6 weeks ad lib.
group III: Fed for 6 weeks on a standard laboratory rat diet enriched with 100 g/kg of ω-3 fatty acids offered ad lib
group IV: Fed for 6 weeks on a standard laboratory rat diet enriched with 15% of natural vinegar (5% acetic acid) offered ad lib.
All animals were left for a period of 6 weeks which was the time needed to study the effect of chronic administration.
In all groups,ulcer score, ulcer index, percentage ulcer protection , secretin gene expression , CCK gene expression were measured,in addition to histopathologic examination of the duodeni .
Significant decrease in ulcer score and index among omega-3 fed rats and vinegar fed rats compared with the results of control group. Meanwhile leptin treated rats showed insignificant decrease in ulcer score and index regarding . On the other hand significant elevation in the percentage ulcer protection, secretin and CCK gene expression among omega-3 fed rats and vinegar fed rats when compared to control group, with more significant elevation in vinegar fed than rats omega-3 fed rats. Meanwhile, leptin treated rats showed insignificant elevation in the percentage ulcer protection, secretin and CCK gene expression when compared to control group.
SUMMARY
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is the most prevalent gastro intestinal disorder. The pathophysiology of PUD involves an imbalance between offensive (acid, pepsin and H. pylori) and defensive factors (mucin, prostaglandin, bicarbonate, nitric oxide and growth factors). Some psychological conditions like anxiety, stress, surgical shock, burns and trauma also stimulate gastric acid secretion and leads to ulcer. Free radicals, oxidants, physical, chemical factors are also involved in the pathogenesis of PUD. A number of drugs are used in the treatment of ulcers but its clinical evaluation shows the incidence of relapses, side effects with interaction of other drugs. Currently there are different classes of drugs like proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers, antibiotics and anti-acids are available for treatment of peptic ulcer but all these drugs have side effects and limitations.
In view of this concept, this work was conducted in an aim to study the effect of chronic administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) , vinegar and leptin on HCO3¯ secretion and duodenal ulcer induced by indomethacin plus histamine dihydrochloride.
The experiment was performed twice with 24 animals in each time. The first time the experiment started on September 1st and ended on October 12th(A). The second time of the experiment started on December the 1st and ended on January 11th (B). In each time, rats were divided into four equal main groups according to the medication given :
group I (control group) : Fed for 6 weeks on a standard laboratory rat diet offered ad lab.
group II: Leptin (10 µg/kg, s.c) administered twice a day for 6 weeks ad lib.
group III: Fed for 6 weeks on a standard laboratory rat diet enriched with 100 g/kg of ω-3 fatty acids offered ad lib
group IV: Fed for 6 weeks on a standard laboratory rat diet enriched with 15% of natural vinegar (5% acetic acid) offered ad lib.
All animals were left for a period of 6 weeks which was the time needed to study the effect of chronic administration.
In all groups,ulcer score, ulcer index, percentage ulcer protection , secretin gene expression , CCK gene expression were measured,in addition to histopathologic examination of the duodeni .
Significant decrease in ulcer score and index among omega-3 fed rats and vinegar fed rats compared with the results of control group. Meanwhile leptin treated rats showed insignificant decrease in ulcer score and index regarding . On the other hand significant elevation in the percentage ulcer protection, secretin and CCK gene expression among omega-3 fed rats and vinegar fed rats when compared to control group, with more significant elevation in vinegar fed than rats omega-3 fed rats. Meanwhile, leptin treated rats showed insignificant elevation in the percentage ulcer protection, secretin and CCK gene expression when compared to control group.