الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of infant mortality, with an estimated incidence of about 4–13 per 1000 live births. The second-trimester ‘18–22-week’ scan remains the standard of care for fetal anatomical evaluation in both low-risk and high-risk pregnancies. The first description of a fetal cardiac anomaly at 11 weeks’ gestation occurred 20 years ago and since then several studies reported on the detection of cardiac anomalies in the late first trimester of pregnancy by both trans-vaginal and trans-abdominal ultrasound approaches. The screening specificity and sensitivity of such scans are variable, with some studies indicating a detection rate as low as 26% and as high as 85 % in an unselected population, while fetal echocardiography in experienced hands performed in the second trimester has a sensitivity of 60–100% in a low-risk screening population.
This study was conducted on two hundred (200) high risk pregnant singleton women, starting during the routine first trimester scan (nuchal translucency scan, 11-13+6 weeks) and again during the routine second-trimester scan (18-22 weeks).
All patients were subjected to detailed history, full clinical examination, first trimester nuchal translucency scan ultrasound scan, and first trimester cardiac examination, then the formal mid-trimester cardiac examination scan was carried out following the ISUOG guidelines.