الفهرس 
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Abstract
The face, neck and head can be considered one aesthetic unit, and if just one of these is compromised, the social conduct of the patient can change; these patients often become introverted, and sooner or later will be affected psychologically. The use of expanders provides the surgeon with a very reliable, simple method of reconstruction. The patient and the surgeon have to keep in mind the possibilities of complication from expander use, and accept that there will be some scarring on the operated area. However, the benefits of expander aided reconstruction outweigh the risks in cases where the outcome brings a significant improvement in the patient’s standard of living. The surgeon should always outline a realistic outcome to the patient, and communicate clearly the risk.