الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) cannulation is a major source of pain because of repetition of arterio-Venous puncture (2 to 3 times / week), approximately 300 times per year. Pain contributes to decreased pediatric patients quality of life. Nurses play a pivotal role in pain assessment and intervention. The complementary therapies are used to relieve the symptoms of pain. One of these therapies, which is used to reduce pain, is the Cryotherapy. Aim of this study was to determine the effect of cryotherapy on pain related to puncture of arteriovenous fistula in children undergoing hemodialysis. Design of this study was Parallel group design. Setting of this study was conducted at pediatric hemodialysis units at Menoufia and Tanta University Hospitals. A purposive sample of 75 children on maintenance hemodialysis treatment using arteriovenous fistula were selected to carry-out this study. Instruments of this study were Structured Questionnaire, Subjective pain assessment instrument, FLACC Pain Scale and biophysiologic assessment record. Results of this study showed that there were statistical significance differences between pre and post cryotherapy intervention for pain related to arteriovenous fistula puncture. Conclusion, cryotherapy was effective in reducing arteriovenous fistula puncture related pain in children undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, this study recommended that, Cryotherapy should be integrated as a part of routine daily care for managing needle puncture pain for Hemodialysis children.