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Abstract The current investigation focuses on the differentiation between true iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic diseases (ACD) and coexistence iron deficiency anaemia in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders (ACD/IDA), in order to avoid toxicity and complications resulting from serious effects of therapeutic iron supplementation to patients with ACD. Therefore, the accurate iron therapy could be given safely to those patients with ACD.To achieve these goals, 64 anemic patients (males and females), in addition to 10 healthy normal subjects were chosen serving as control group.Individual parameters in blood serum related to iron and inflammation besides, bone marrow examination for the presence of stainable iron were estimated. Patients: The anemic patients were classified into three groups according to the presence or absence of stainable iron in bone marrow, also according to clinical data. I- IDA Group: patients had no stainable iron in the bone marrow. II- ACD Group: patients had stainable iron in bone marrow with chronic disorders. III- ACD/ IDA (COMBI) group: patients had no stainable iron in bone marrow together with an infectious diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases or non- hematological malignancy, in addition to patients who had a C-reactive protein (CPR) above 20mg/L |