الفهرس 
• Introduction And RationaleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 58 |  |  |
| | | from | 58 | | |
Abstract
The actions of thyroid hormone are crucial to ensuring the proper development of the neonatal brain. Deficiency of thyroid hormone in the fetal and neonatal period can result in severe intellectual disability; therefore, early detection and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) reduces the neurological devastation of this treatable condition.
The actions of thyroid hormone on brain development occur even prior to birth. Maternal thyroid hormone is essential for fetal cortical development, and decreased levels of thyroid hormone in mid-gestation can adversely affect fetal brain development (25, 26).
Recommendations for screening and treatment of CH; these screening guidelines took advantage of then-recent improvements in thyroid function testing (27). There are many causes of CH, several of which will be discussed in this review.
Although the detection of CH is importance as early treatment can prevent mental retardation, pediatric acquired hypothyroidism also exists as a significant and distinct entity. Acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents can present in a number of ways, including decreased growth velocity, poor school performance, fatigue, and decreases in energy level. As treatment of this condition can restore normal function and development, acquired hypothyroidism must also be addressed.
Conclusion: Thyroid hormones are necessary for normal growth and development since fetal life. Insufficient production or inadequate activity on the cellular or molecular level lead to hypothyroidism. These hormones are necessary for the development of the brain in the fetus and in the newborn infant. Neonatologists and pediatricians deal withchild development issues in their practice, and many of these issues start during intrauterine life. Currently, with neonatal screening, neonatologists and pediatricians can prevent irreversible damage through early treatment. They should also be alert for dysfunctions such as subclinical hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which may provoke damage not only to growth, but also to the neurological and psychological development of these children and adolescents. (28)