الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out on thirty sexually mature New Zealand rabbits average age 5-6 month with average body weight ranged from 2.5-3 kg at the beginning of the study, during the period from October 2015 to December 2015, in the department of pharmacology, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. The animals were apparently healthy and had apparently normal external genitalia. They were kept under the same nutritional and managemental conditions during the period of the study. In this trial, thirty sexually mature New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the five treatment groups (six rabbits for each group). The first group received distilled (control), the other four group were injected subcutaneously with IVM at dose of 200 μg /kgBW, the second were injected subcutaneously with IVM at dose of 200 μg /kgBW only, third group received drinking water with Se and Vit E (Alfa-S® 1 ml/L water), forth group treated with TT ethanol extract at dose (5mg/kgBW), the fifth group treated with TT ethyl acetate extract at dose (5mg/kgBW). The treatment lasted for 60 days.The aims of the present study were directed to:1- The effect of of IVM on reproductive performance, sperm motility, live-dead sperm percentage, sperm abnormalities % and sperm concentration as well as testosterone hormone level in bucks.2- The effect of IVM on liver and kidney enzymes.3-The effect of Se + Vit E supplementation on reproductive performance, sperm motility, live-dead sperm percentage, sperm abnormalities % and sperm concentration as well as testosterone hormone level in bucks.4- The effect of treatments of Se + Vit E supplementation on liver and kidney enzymes.5- The effect of TT extracts on reproductive performance, sperm motility, live-dead sperm percentage, sperm abnormalities % and sperm concentration as well as testosterone hormone level in bucks. 6- The effect of TT extracts on liver and kidney enzymes.
7-The hematological and histopathological effects of IVM, Se + Vit E and TT extracts. The obtained results can summarized in the following points: 1- In the present study, Oral administration of TT ethyl acetate extract treated bucks, TT ethanol extract treated group, Se plus Vit E treated group and even control group showed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in the following semen characters as compared to IVM injected group: sperm motility (71.2±1.43, 70.8±1.46, 67.8±1.16 and 69.8±1.16 vs. 56.6±1.21 %, respectively), dead sperm percentage (16.2±0.86,16.1±0.51, 17±0.71 and 16.6±0.87 % vs. 20.6±0.51 %, respectively), percentage of total sperm abnormalities (14.6±0.68, 15±0.55, 16.8±1.16 and 15±0.45 % vs. 20.4±0.51 %, respectively), sperm cell concentration (137.2±1.71, 136.6±1.96, 129.4±1.96 and 135.6±1.6 x106/mm3 vs. 82.8±1.5 x106/ mm3, respectively).
2. On the serum biochemical parameters: A) On Testosterone level: - Testosterone level exhibited a significant (P˂0.05) increase in TT ethyl acetate extract treated bucks, TT ethanol extract treated group, Se plus Vit E treated group and even control group showed a significant (P<0.05) as compared to IVM injected group (2.11±0.1, 2.04±0.11, 1.87±0.1 and 1.98±0.13 ng/ml vs. 1.44±0.15 ng/ml, respectively). B) On liver and kidney function: Oral administration of TT ethyl acetate extract treated bucks, TT ethanol extract treated group, Se plus Vit E treated group and even control group showed non-significant (P<0.05) reduction in the serum levels of ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine as compared to IVM injected group. Oral administration of TT ethanol extract treated group, Se plus vit E treated group and even control group showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in the serum levels of AST as compared to IVM injected group but non-significant (P<0.05) reduction in the serum level with TT ethanol extract treated group compared to IVM injected group. On the hematological parameters: In this experiment, Oral administration of TT ethyl acetate extract treated bucks, TT ethanol extract treated group, even control group showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in the following hematological parameters RBCs, Hb and Ht as compared to IVM injected group, but non-significant (P<0.05) improvement in WBCs count. On Se plus Vit E treated group showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in RBCs, WBCs count and Ht as compared to IVM injected group, with non-significant (P<0.05) reduction in Hb on Se plus Vit E treated group as compared to IVM 4. On the Histopathological finding: Our results showed that, the histological study of liver revealed improvement in histological sections with few degenerative changes of hepatocytes, as well as congestion and dilatation of central vein and sinusoids in TT extracts treated bucks.
On Se plus Vit E pretreated animals liver showed near normal hepatic architecture with very mild degenerative changes of some hepatocytes, others showed regeneration in the rest of the cells. The kidneys showed mild congestion of the renal blood vessels and intertubular capillaries. Additionally, the lining epithelium of the convoluted tubules was mostly appeared degenerated in TT extracts treated bucks. Se plus Vit E pretreated group which exhibited near normal renal features. On testes Se plus Vit E revealed degenerative changes of the spermatogonia cells but less than that picture recorded in IVM-treated group. Meanwhile TTE and TTEA did not show any notable change or pathological alterations when compared with the control. Testes of pretreated rabbits with TTE and TTEA showed testicular regeneration represented by increasing the diameter of seminiferous tubules and accompanied by increasing in the number of spermatogonial cells in seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells.