الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis provides a cultural materialist reading to four dystopian novels written during the twentieth century. The four novels are part and parcel of their time; they reflect the writers’ world and fears. Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm depict the atrocities of the Soviet regime. On the other hand, Huxley’s Brave New World and Ape and Essence show the destructible power of science if it is not used wisely. Using Cultural Materialism, an approach to literature, this thesis addresses how the four novels can be better understood within their historical context, how those texts are affected by reality and affect it, and also how the two authors challenge the utopian illusions of their time: science and socialism.