الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was performed for evaluation the side effects of etoposide drug used as chemotherapeutic drug and the protective effect of fennel oil oral administration on male albino rats.
Material used:-
Etoposide (chemotherapeutic drug) genotoxic dose was used (5 mg/kg body weight of rat) intraperitoneally every 72 hours for 21 days.
Fennel oil (medicinal plant) two doses were used as the following:
1- Low dose (0.5 mg/kg body weight every 48 hours for 21 days) as antigenotoxic dose administrated orally.
2- High dose (1 mg/kg body weight every 48 hours for 21 days) as antigenotoxic dose administrated orally.
Experimental animals, adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighting 130±10 g were used.
Six groups of albino rats were used and divided as the following:
group (1) was represented as control group. group (2) was injected intraperitoneally with etoposide (5 mg/kg body weight) every 72 hours for 21 days. group (3) was injected orally with fennel oil low dose (0.5 mg/kg b. wt.) every 48 hours for 21 days. group (4) was injected orally with fennel oil high dose (1 mg/kg b. wt.) every 48 hours for 21 days. group (5) was injected with etoposide (5 mg/kg b. wt.), simultaneously, injected with low dose of fennel oil (0.5 mg/kg b. wt.) for 21 days. group (6) injected with etoposide (5 mg/kg b. wt.), simultaneously, injected with high dose of fennel oil (1 mg/kg b. wt.).
Summary
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Methods used can be summarized as following:-
At the end of the end of each experimental period rats were sacrificed and testes tissues were removed for molecular, histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies. Sera of the animals were collected for detecting testosterone hormone level. The methods can be summarized as following:
1- Determination of fragmentations in extracted DNA from testis by electrophoresis after 21 days from administration.
2- Investigations of the chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow of albino rats after 72 hours from etoposide and fennel oil injection. In addition, determining mitotic index ratio of bone marrow cells.
3- Determining mitotic index ratio of testis cells after 72 hours from etoposide and fennel oil injection.
4- Evaluation of morphological sperm head abnormalities of albino rats after 21 days from the beginning of administration and staining with eosin.
5- Measuring of testosterone hormone levels after 21 days from the beginning of injection.
6- Measuring the oxidative stress caused by etoposide on testis tissue and the protective effect of fennel oil for all groups after 21 days from the beginning of injection.
7- Histological examination of testis tissues after fixation with 10% formalin. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining for all groups after 21 days from the beginning of injection.
Summary