الفهرس 
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Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant disease in endocrine system. Most of thyroid cancers show biologically indolent phenotype and have an excellent prognosis with survival rates of more than 95% at 20 years . Most primary thyroid cancers are epithelial tumors that originate from thyroid follicular cells. These cancers develop three main pathological types of carcinomas: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from thyroid parafollicular (C) cells.
Surgery for thyroid cancer is an important element of a multifaceted treatment approach. The operation must be compatible with the overall treatment strategy and follow-up plan recommended by the managing team.
In the current century, thyroidectomy is regarded as a safe operation based on minimal morbidity rates and favorable postoperative outcomes. The 2 most common complications are recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypocalcaemia. In thyroid surgery, the overall rate of complications is less than 5%, including the above mentioned issues in addition to bleeding, infections, and keloids. However, the rate of hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy is quite high.
The cause of postoperative hypocalcaemia is multifactorial. One of the common causes of hypocalcaemia is inadvertent removal of parathyroid glands or vascular comprise to the parathyroid glands after surgery for thyroid disease.
The careful inspection of the thyroid specimen intraoperatively allowed reimplantation of inadvertently removed parathyroid glands during thyroidectomies.
There are multiple factors that predict postoperative hypocalcaemia as serum calcium level, intact PTH level and vitamin D level.
Our work is to study the serum calcium level and evaluation of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and completion thyroidectomy for malignant thyroid tumors .
This study comprised 20 patient with well established diagnosis of having malignant thyroid tumors who were candidates for surgical interference with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Preoperative and multiple postoperative serum samples were collected and serum Calcium levels were measured to detect hypocalcemia
In this work the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was 25% of total cases, the mean Calcium level after 6h. postoperative was 8.3 mg/dl and was 8.77 mg/dl after one week postoperative. Among patients developed hypocalcemia, higher proportion of those with node dissection (about 15%) compared with those without node dissection (about 10%)