الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate susceptibility of mature E.Faecalis biofilm to an experimental irrigating solution in vitro.
A total of seventy single rooted human teeth were used in this study Teeth were decoronated to a length of 16mm, cleaned and shaped, longitudinal grooves made along buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth before preparation and the teeth were divided into 7 groups, 6 experimental groups (n=10) and one control group, each group was divided into two sub-groups (sub-group A with sonic activation by vibringe and sub-group B without activation). The control group and experimental groups were incubated with previously cultured Enterococcus faecalis to form biofilm for 3 weeks at 37˚c incubator.
Six samples were scanned for evaluating the biofilm development by SEM examination at three times intervals (3,10,21 days). The 3-week-old bacterial biofilm grown on samples was observed for thickness, homogeneity, and presence of an extracellular polymeric substance using scanning electrom microscopy.
After 21 days of incubation. Each tooth received 10 ml of irrigant (2ml/30 sec.) with total irrigation time of 2.5 min. The vibringe was inserted till 1mm short of the working length and moved gently in 2-3 vertical strokes without existing the canal.
group I : CHX 2% + Cetremide 0.2% + tween 80 0.9%.
sub-group A : with sonic activation.
Sub-group B : without sonic activation.
group II : CHX 2% + Cetremide 0.2%
sub-group A : with sonic activation.
Sub-group B : without sonic activation.
group III : Cetremide 0.2% + tween 80 0.9%.
Sub-group A : with sonic activation.
Sub-group B : without sonic activation.
group IV: Cetremide 0.2%.
Sub-group A : with sonic activation.
Sub-group B : without sonic activation.
group V: CHX 2% + tween 80 0.9%.
Sub-group A : with sonic activation.
Sub-group B : without sonic activation.
group VI : CHX 2%
Sub-group A : with sonic activation.
Sub-group B : without sonic activation.
group VII : Normal Saline
Sub-group A : with sonic activation.
Sub-group B : without sonic activation.
After that, all samples were irrigated with 20 ml saline solution to remove the root canal contents, bacterial samples were taken using a standard method of collection and collected in sterile tubes containing saline for CFU, the effect of tested irrigants on the biofilm dissolution was assessed with scanning electron microscope.
Results showed that all experimental groups demonstrated significantly less CUF counts as compared to the control group (p≤0.001). As regard to the antimicrobial effectiveness of the tested irrigants, it was found that the most effective in sub-group A(With sonic activation ) were CHX 2%+Cetrimide 0.2%+Tween 80 0.9%. And CHX 2%+Cetrimide 0.2% with no statistical difference between them (p=0.565).
Followed by Cetrimide 0.2%+Tween 80 and CHX 2% wih no statistical difference between them (p=0.220) and the least effective were CHX 2% and Cetrimide 0.2% with no statistical difference between them (p=0.984)
As regard to the antimicrobial effectiveness of the tested irrigants, it was found that the most effective in sub-group B(Without sonic activation ) were CHX 2%+Cetrimide 0.2%+Tween 80 and CHX 2%+Cetrimide 0.2% with no statistical difference between them (p=0.272).
Followed by Cetrimide 0.2%+Tween 80 and CHX 2% wih no statistical difference between them (p=0.170) and the least effective were CHX 2% and Cetrimide 0.2% with no statistical difference between them (p=0.786).
No statistical difference was found between sub-group A and sub-group B (P=0.072).
Within all groups CFU numerically less after sonic activation.
Within the limitation of this study it can be concluded that:
1. The mature intracanal biofilm model is a reliable one for assessing the antimicrobial effectiveness of root canal irrigating solutions.
2. The antimicrobial effectiveness of root canal irrigating solutions is enhanced through conjugation of different agents with a surfactant.
3. Activation of root canal irrigating solutions should be an integral step during cleaning and shaping of all root canal systems.