الفهرس 
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Abstract
Integrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
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III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II
III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II
III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II
III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II
III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II
III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II
III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II
III
Contents
AcknowledgementsIntegrating PhotoVoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to
power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural
characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The
most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun.
This thesis presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm
Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (a) the Incremental Conductance, (b)
Perturb and Observe, (c) Fractional Short Circuit Current and (d) Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the
energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the
proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response for all techniques expect Perturb
and Observe. The system dynamic performance has been improved greatly using the proposed
controllers.
Power quality issues are one of the challenges associated with increasing utilization of
photovoltaic power. In this study, the effect of solar irradiance variations on voltage flicker is
investigated by simulations. Measured irradiance and PV module temperature data are used as
input to simulate the power output of PV generators. Voltage and flicker indices are computed
using realistic models of Finnish low-voltage distribution feeders. The simulation results
indicate that solar irradiance variations alone do not seem to be a significant source of flicker
Owing to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable generation sources,
battery banks are generally employed to meet the demand at all time. This thesis presents a
demand response model to optimize the battery bank size. The objective of this framework is
to optimize the battery storage for balancing the load demand and fluctuating renewable
generation. Case studies are conducted for a remote un-electrified household in Finland
covering four seasons. The simulation results suggested that activation of demand response
will optimize the battery bank capacity. The Matlab and GAMS are used as software
programs in thesis’s analysis.
II